錢鐘書經(jīng)典美文《窗》翻譯詳解

時間：2023-05-01 02:11:47 資料我要投稿

相關(guān)推薦

錢鐘書先生的這篇散文說的是窗子，但是其用意絕不僅僅是說說窗子而已，而是要以窗子來比喻生活、比喻人生。從語言上看，《窗》延續(xù)了一貫的錢派手法，用詞平實、普通，沒有長句，沒有什么復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)，非常從容地敘述、說理，卻又緊緊地扣住了主題。這樣的特點對翻譯構(gòu)成的難度不言而喻，翻譯中應(yīng)當(dāng)時時充分考慮上述特點，盡量在譯文中體現(xiàn)出來。下面我們就以《窗》這篇散文的前兩段為例，來談?wù)劃h譯英中可能遇到的問題。

漢譯英翻譯：

窗 Random Thoughts on the Window

又是春天，窗子可以常開了。春天從窗外進(jìn)來，人在屋子里坐不住，就從門里出去。不過屋子外的春天太賤了！到處是陽光，不像射破屋里陰深的那樣明亮；到處是給太陽曬得懶洋洋的風(fēng)，不像攪動屋里沉悶的那樣有生氣。就是鳥語，也似乎瑣碎而單薄，需要屋里的寂靜來做襯托。我們因此明白，春天是該鑲嵌在窗子里看的，好比畫配了框子。

It is spring again and the window can be left open as often as one would like. As spring comes in through the windows, so people——unable to bear staying inside any longer——go outdoors. The spring outside, however, is much too cheap, for the sun shines on everything, and so does not seem as bright as that which shoots into the darkness of the house. Outside the sun-slothed breeze blows everywhere, but it is not so lively as that which stirs the gloominess inside the house. Even the chirping of the birds sounds so thin and broken that the quietness of the house is needed

to set it off. It seems that spring was always meant to be put behind a windowpane for show, just like a picture in a frame.

同時，我們悟到，門和窗有不同的意義。當(dāng)然，門是造了讓人出進(jìn)的。但是，窗子有時也可作為進(jìn)出口用，譬如小偷或小說里私約的情人就喜歡爬窗子。所以窗子和門的根本分別，決不僅是有沒有人進(jìn)來出去。若據(jù)賞春一事來看，我們不妨這樣說：有了門，我們可以出去；有了窗，我們可以不必出去。窗子打通了大自然和人的隔膜，把風(fēng)和太陽逗引進(jìn)來，使屋子里也關(guān)著一部分春天，讓我們安坐了享受，無需再到外面去找。

At the same time it also becomes clear that the door has a different significance from the window. Of course, doors were made for people to pass through; but a window can also sometimes serve as an entrance or as an exit, and is used as such by thieves and by lovers in novels. In fact the fundamental difference between a door and a window has nothing to do with them being either entrances or exits. When it comes to the admiration of spring, it could be put this way: a door makes it possible for one to go out, whereas a window makes it possible for one not to have to. A window helps to pull down the partition between man and nature. It leads breezes and sunlight in, and keeps part of the spring in the house. It allows one to sit and enjoy the spring in peace, and makes it unnecessary to go looking for it outside.

逐句分析：

窗

Random Thoughts on the Window （題目中的這個窗字，包含的意思較為豐富，使人有多種聯(lián)想，因此譯成Random Thoughts on the Window.）又是春天

It is spring again

中文是無主句，英文沒有這樣的句子結(jié)構(gòu)，因此用It is??句型。原文里“又”用在句首，但是英文如果也把again放在句首，這個詞就太突出，分量太重了。所以again一詞在譯文中放在句末和原文“又”放在句首分量相當(dāng)。窗子可以常開了

and the window can be left open as often as one would like

用定冠詞the 加單數(shù)名詞window來代表所有的窗子。英語里表示“全部”可以有幾種方法：1）復(fù)數(shù)名詞，2）不定冠詞a/an+名詞，3）定冠詞+名詞。這里就是用的第三種，更側(cè)重其一致性。“常開”不能譯成can open often或can be opened often.因為原文是從人的角度說的，人們什么時候想開窗都行，所以用了one would like這樣的說法。

春天從窗外進(jìn)來

As spring comes in through the windows

這句把春天擬人化了，英文也用同樣的結(jié)構(gòu)就行。窗外：out of the window.但是，如果把“從窗外進(jìn)來”理解成一個過程，用through表示就比較好。人在屋子里坐不住，就從門里出去。

so people——unable to bear staying inside any longer——go outdoors 破折號之間的形容詞短語說明人們在屋里坐不住的原因。bear：忍受，后面既可跟-ing動詞，也可跟不定式動詞。

不過屋子外的春天太賤了

The spring outside, however, is much too cheap

這里的“賤”，是說春天多陽光，以多為賤，中外同理，用cheap也就順理成章了。

到處是陽光

for the sun shines on everything

這里和上一句是連接在一起的，所以用了連接詞for來說明原因。最好不要譯成the sunshine is everywhere.因為陽光并不是一種存在，而是說照耀在所有的一切上面，因此說shines.

不像射破屋里陰深的那樣明亮

and so does not seem as bright as that which shoots into the darkness of the house

用seem是指屋里屋外陽光是一樣的，只是環(huán)境的反差使陽光顯得不同罷了。as??as是表示屋里屋外陽光的比較。that指the sun.

到處是給太陽曬得懶洋洋的風(fēng)

Outside the sun-slothed breeze blows everywhere

這里加了一個詞outside，因為后面馬上要說到的“屋里”并不包括在“到處”一詞里�！皶瘛弊钟⑽睦锱c之相當(dāng)?shù)脑~就是shine，但是shine并沒有帶復(fù)合賓語的用法，所以換了一個角度來說這句話。sun-slothed是一個復(fù)合詞。不像攪動屋里沉悶的那樣有生氣

but it is not so lively as that which stirs the gloominess inside the house

沉悶這個詞在這里不是形容詞，而是名詞，所以用gloomy加上詞尾-ness構(gòu)成了表示狀態(tài)的名詞。

就是鳥語，也似乎瑣碎而單薄，需要屋里的寂靜來做襯托。

Even the chirping of the birds sounds so thin and broken that the quietness of the house is needed to set it off

說thin and broken而不說broken and thin只是因為語音的關(guān)系，音節(jié)少的詞放在前面，多的放在后面，結(jié)構(gòu)上顯得平穩(wěn)，不至于頭重腳輕。只要把這幾個詞連在一起朗讀一下就可體會出來。

我們因此明白，春天是該鑲嵌在窗子里看的，好比畫配了框子。

It seems that spring was always meant to be put behind a windowpane for show, just like a picture in a frame

“我們因此明白”譯成It seems??，因為這是一種比喻的說法，直譯成英文

會給人以突兀的感覺，所以用“似乎如此”的說法。be meant to be的意思是“原本為??”，加了always等于從語氣上與原文更相符合，并沒有特別具體的含義。中文說“窗子里”，而英文卻不能說in a windowpane，windowpane指的是窗子上的玻璃，這就是用behind的原因。

同時，我們悟到，門和窗有不同的意義

At the same time it also becomes clear that the door has a different significance from the window

悟到和上一句中的“明白”是相同的意思，it become clear that 這一說法比it seems that 要肯定一些。

當(dāng)然，門是造了讓人出進(jìn)的

Of course, doors were made for people to pass through

出進(jìn)可以譯成to come out http://http://www.lotusphilosophies.com/news/557FF866C2608846.htmland go in，但譯成to pass through就顯得句子緊湊、精煉一些。

但是，窗子有時也可作為進(jìn)出口用

but a window can also sometimes serve as an entrance or as an exit entrance和exit這兩個詞比door和window抽象化了，充分表明了“進(jìn)出口”的字面意思和含義。

譬如小偷或小說里私約的情人就喜歡爬窗子

and is used as such by thieves and by lovers in novels

譯文用了by thieves and by lovers，而不說by thieves and lovers，因為這本來就是兩類人，不能放在一起混為一談。

所以窗子和門的根本分別，決不僅是有沒有人進(jìn)來出去

In fact the fundamental difference between a door and a window has nothing to do with them being either entrances or exits

比較一下different between和前文的different （from）：說兩者之間的區(qū)別，用different between A and B；而說A怎樣不同于B則說 A is different from B.

若據(jù)賞春一事來看，我們不妨這樣說

When it comes to the admiration of spring, it could be put this way When it comes to是比較中庸的說法，不那么正式，但也不那么隨意，意思是“說起賞春??”，讓人們對下文有一個期待。

有了門，我們可以出去

a door makes it possible for one to go out

“有了門”不能譯成with a/the door，因為這里不是說有還是沒有，而是有門存在，人們就可以進(jìn)出房屋。

有了窗，我們可以不必出去

whereas a window makes it possible for one not to have to

Whereas而??。這是一個連接詞，表示一種前后的比較或?qū)φ铡＿@里的句型和上面是一樣的，但是后面的not to have to 是不定式的否定形式，后面省略了go out.

窗子打通了大自然和人的隔膜。

A window helps to pull down the partition between man and nature “由于有了窗子，人和大自然之間的隔膜才得以打破”，窗子起的是一種促進(jìn)作用，其本身并不能去“打破”什么，因此用了helps to pull down. partition隔離墻�！案裟ぁ笔墙馄蕦W(xué)詞匯，這里用的是其引申意義，不能按字面譯成diaphragm，那樣意思就不對了。man and nature：man是指整個人類，所以不用任何冠詞；nature則是不可數(shù)名詞。

把風(fēng)和太陽逗引進(jìn)來，使屋子里也關(guān)著一部分春天

It leads breezes and sunlight in, and keeps part of the spring in the house

Lead：引導(dǎo)，引領(lǐng)。keep??in the house：使停留在屋里不能外出。讓我們安坐了享受，無需再到外面去找。

It allows one to sit and enjoy the spring in peace, and makes it unnecessary to go looking for it outside

原文是說“安坐”，而實際上“安”的意思也應(yīng)當(dāng)能涵蓋“享受”，只是從詞

的節(jié)奏上感覺“安坐”和“享受”都是兩個字的詞，似乎是并列的。譯文里譯成了 sit??in peace，等于將狀語移了一個位。注意這句中幾個it的含義，第一個it指代window，第二個it是形式賓語，引出后面的to go??，第三個it是指代the spring.

【錢鐘書經(jīng)典美文《窗》翻譯詳解】相關(guān)文章：

圍城 / 錢鐘書05-01