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六年級舉一反三第02周簡便運算(一)(附答案)
小升初——簡便運算(一)
簡便運算簡析:
根據(jù)算式的結(jié)構(gòu)和數(shù)的特征,靈活運用運算法則、定律、性質(zhì)和某些公式,可以把一些較復雜的四則混合運算化繁為簡,化難為易。
典型題1:
計算4.75-9.63+(8.25-1.37)
【思路導航】先去掉小括號,使4.75和8.25相加湊整,再運用減法的性質(zhì):a-b-c=a-(b+c),使運算過程簡便。所以
原式=4.75+8.25-9.63-1.37 =13-(9.63+1.37) =13-11 =2 習題1: 計算下面各題。 1. 6.73?2
5?5?18?9?
2. 7??3.8?1??1 ??3.27?1?
9?9?517?17?
3. 14.15???7?6
7
?817?7?17?
4. ?2.12513?4?3????0.75
20?13?413?
典型題2:
Page 1
計算:333387?79?790?66661
【思路導航】可把分數(shù)化成小數(shù)后,利用積的變化規(guī)律和乘法分配律使計算簡便。所以
原式=333387.5×79+790×66661.25 =33338.75×790+790×66661.25 =(33338.75+66661.25)×790 =100000×790 =79000000 習題2: 計算下面各題:
1. 3.5?1?125%?1? 2. 975?0.25?9?76?9.75 3. 9?425?4.25?
25
1
4. 0.9999?0.7?0.1111?2.7 60
14
12
45
34
1214
典型題3:
計算:36×1.09+1.2×67.3
【思路導航】此題表面看沒有什么簡便算法,仔細觀察數(shù)字的特征后發(fā)現(xiàn):36=1.2×30。這樣一轉(zhuǎn)化,就可以運用乘法分配律了。所以
原式=1.2×30×1.09+1.2×67.3 =1.2×(30×1.09+1.2×67.3) =1.2×(32.7+67.3)
Page 2
=1.2×100 =120 習題3: 計算:
1. 45?2.08?1.5?37.6 2. 52?11.1?2.6?778 3. 48?1.08?1.2?56.8 4. 72?2.09?1.8?73.6
典型題4:
計算:3?25?37.9?6
【思路導航】雖然3與6的和為10,但是與它們相乘的另一個因數(shù)不同,因此,我們不難想到把37.9分成25.4和12.5兩部分。當出現(xiàn)12.5×6.4時,我們又可以將6.4看成8×0.8,這樣計算就簡便多了。所以
原式?3?25??25.4?12.5??6.4 ?3?25?25.4?6.4?12.5?6.4 ??3.6?6.4??25.4?12.5?8?0.8 ?254?80 ?334 習題4: 計算下面各題:
1.6.8×16.8+19.3×3.2
Page 3
352525
3525
3525
3525
2.139?
1371
?137?
138138
3.4.4×57.8+45.3×5.6
典型題5:
計算:81.5×15.8+81.5×51.8+67.6×18.5
【思路導航】靈活運用乘法分配律得到:81.5×(15.8+51.8)=81.5×67.6。與原式中第三部分相加又可再次運用乘法分配律使計算簡便。
原式=81.5×(15.8+51.8)+67.6×18.5 =81.5×67.6+67.6×18.5 =(81.5+18.5)×67.6 =100×67.6 =6760 習題5:
1.53.5×35.3+53.5×43.2+78.5×46.5 2.235×12.1++235×42.2-135×54.3 3.3.75?735??5730?16.2?62.5
3
8
Page 4
小升初——簡便運算(一)(答案)
習題1:
1.原式=?6.73?3.27????28?17?19?
17??
?10?4 ?6
3.原式??14.15?6.85???7.875?2.125? ?21?10 ?11
4.原式=?13
713?37
13
??4.25?0.75? ?10?5 ?5 習題2:
1.原式?3.5?1.25?1.25?1.5?1.25 ??3.5?1?1.5??1.25 ?7.5
3.原式?4.25?940?4.25?60 ?4.25??940?60? ?4250 習題3:
Page 5
2.原式????759
?15??1?
9?????
3.8?15??
?6?5 ?1
2.原式?9.75?25?9.75?76?9.75 ?9.75??25?76?1? ?975
4.原式?0.9999?0.7?0.9999?0.3 ?0.9999??0.7?0.3? ?0.9999
1.原式=1.5×62.4+1.5×37.6 =1.5×(62.4+37.6) =150
3.原式=1.2×43.2+1.2×56.8 2.原式=2.6×222+2.6×778 =2.6×(222+778) =2600
4.原式=1.8×83.6-1.8×73.6 =1.2×(43.2+56.8) =1.8 =120 =18
習題4:
1.原式=6.8×16.8+(16.8+2.5)×3.2 =6.8×16.8+16.8×3.2+2.5×3.2 =(6.8+3.2)×16.8+2.5×4×0.8 =168+8 =176
2.原式?139?137138?1?137
138
??139?1??137
138
?138?137138?2?137
138
?138
6869
3.原式=4.4×(45.3+12.5)+45.3×5.6 =4.4×45.3+4.4×12.5+45.3×5.6
Page 6
×(83.6-73.6)
=(4.4+5.6)×45.3+0.55×8×12.5 =453+55 =508 習題5:
1.原式=53.5×(35.3+43.2)+78.5×46.5 =53.5×78.5+78.5×46.5 =(53.5+46.5)×78.5 =7850
2.原式=235×(12.1+42.2)-135×54.3 =235×54.3-135×54.3 =(235-135)×54.3 =5430
3.原式=3.75×735-0.375×5730+16.2×62.5 =3.75×735-3.75×573+16.2×62.5 =3.75×162+16.2×62.5 =162×(3.75+6.25) =1620
Page 7
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