高中英語語法大全第4章：動詞的語氣

高中英語語法大全第4章：動詞的語氣一.概念語氣有三種:陳述語氣,祈使語氣和虛擬語氣.語氣表示說話人對勸詞所示示的動作或所處的狀態(tài)持有的態(tài)度或看法.二.相關(guān)知識點精講1.辨別if 引導(dǎo)真實條件句和if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句的區(qū)別If he has time, he will go with us.= Probably he has time and will go with us.If he had time, he would go with us.=But in fact he has no time.2.虛擬條件句中主句和從句的謂與動詞構(gòu)成形式如下表if條件句中的謂與動詞 主句的謂與動詞與現(xiàn)在的事實相反 1. 行為動詞用did 形式2. be動詞用were shouldwouldcould + 動詞原形might 與過去的事實相反 had + done shouldwouldcould + have + donemight與將來的事實相反 1. 行為動詞用did2. should + 動詞原形3. were to + 動詞原形 shouldwouldcould + 動詞原形might 3.混合時間的虛擬語氣如果條件句中的動作和主句的動作不是同時發(fā)生，主句和從句的謂語動詞的形式應(yīng)分別根據(jù)各自所表示的時間加以調(diào)整。1)0If I had received the passport yesterday, I would start today.2)If he had telephoned me last night, I would see him now.3)If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be all right now.4)If China had not been liberated, the working people would still be leading a miserable life.4.should/ could / might/ ought to + have done 表示“過去本應(yīng)該/可以做而實際上卻沒做”needn’t have done 表示“過去沒必要作而實際上做了”5.虛擬語氣中的倒裝句如果虛擬語氣的條件從句謂語動詞中含有were, had, could, should，有時可將if省去，而將條件從句的主語置于were, had, should, could 之后。Had you invited us, we would have come to your party.Were I you, I would do more practice after class.Could she lend us a helping hand, she would do so.6.wish 后面的賓語從句的謂語動詞應(yīng)使用虛擬語氣， 表示“可惜…；….就好了； 悔不該…； 但愿…。”主句謂語 從句謂語wish 時態(tài) 謂語動詞的形式現(xiàn)在時表示與wish同時發(fā)生 動詞用過去時be動詞用were過去時表示在wish之前發(fā)生的動作 動詞用had donebe用had been將來時表示在wish之后發(fā)生的動作 動詞用would do; should dobe 用 would be ; should be1)I wish I knew the key to the answer.2)I wish I were ten years younger.3)I wish that I had gone to the football match last week.4)I wish that you had been here yesterday.5)He wishes that we would visit the old school.7.表示命令或建議動詞suggest, insist, propose, desire, demand, request, order, command 后的賓語從句中應(yīng)使用虛擬 should +動詞原形； should 不可用would 來替代; 主句所使用的動詞時態(tài)不限。8.suggest 為“建議去做…; 命令…”從句用should + do為“ 說明； 暗示”, 從句用過去時或過去完成時。1) The doctor suggested that I should take the medicine three times a day.2) The doctor suggested that my g

randmother had caught a bad cold.9.insist “堅持要去做…，堅持應(yīng)該去做”，從句用should + do為“堅持表明，堅持說/解釋”， 從句用過去時或過去完成時。10.虛擬語氣也用于表語從句和主語從句中，表示間接的命令、要求、請求、建議、決定等，主句的主語通常是suggestion, proposal, request, order, idea 等。表語從句中的謂語動詞是should +動詞原型，should 可以省略。11.在主語從句中，當(dāng)從句用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜等，從句的謂語動詞用需擬語氣形式。其謂語動詞時should + 動詞原型， 或should 省略。三.鞏固練習(xí)1. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _________ much easier.A. will be B. would have beenC. could have been D. would be2. If I _____ you, I’d join the army.A. am B. was C. were D. would be3. If he _______ tomorrow, he would find Mr Wang in the office.A. comes B. will come C. should come D. come4. If it _______ next week , the crops would be saved.A. rains B. will rains C. would rain D. should rain5. If I _______ it, I would do it in a different way.A. were to do B. do C. had done D. was to do6. Supposing the weather ________ bad, where would you go ?A. is B. will be C. were D. be7. If he had worked harder, he _________.A. would succeed B. had succeededC. should succeed D. would have succeeded8. If he ________, he _________ that food.A. was warned; would not takeB. had been warned; would not have takenC. would be warned; had not takenD. would have been warned; had not taken9. If my lawyer _________ here last Saturday, he _______ me from going.A. had been; would have preventedB. had been; would preventC. were; would preventD. were; would have prevented10. If he ______ it, he _______ it.A. had seen; could have believed B. saw; couldn’t believeC. saw; couldn’t have believed D. has seen; had believed11. —Do you think the thief entered through the window?

—No, if he had, I don’t believe, _______ broken the living-room’s window.A. he would have B. he must haveC. he had D. should he have12. —Did you go swimming last Sunday?—No. We would have gone ______ nicer.A. if the weather wasB. would the weather have beenC. had the weather beenD. should the weather be13. ______ it ______ for your help, I couldn’t have made any progress.A. Had; not been B. Should; not beenC. Did; not been D. Not; been14. _______ today, he would get there by Friday.A. Would have left B. Was he leavingC. Were he to leave D. If he leaves15. It is ordered that a new bridge ______ over the wide river.A. should be built B. would builtC. will be built D. built四.答案1.D 2.C 3.C 4.D 5.A 6.C 7.D 8.B 9.A 10.A 11.D 12.C 13.A 14.C 15.A

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