語(yǔ)法是掌握英語(yǔ)的一個(gè)基礎(chǔ),打好這個(gè)基礎(chǔ)會(huì)使你分析文章更容易,也能夠?qū)懗龊芎玫木涫?小編整理了主謂一致的語(yǔ)法點(diǎn),供大家學(xué)習(xí)參考。
主謂一致
I.要點(diǎn)
謂語(yǔ)受主語(yǔ)支配，須和主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，這叫做主謂一致，主謂一致包括語(yǔ)法一致、意義上一致和就近一致。
1、語(yǔ)法上一致
(1)、以單數(shù)名詞或代詞，動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)，主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)，如，
To work hard is necessary for a student.
(2)、用and或both……and連接的并列主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，如，
Both he and I are right.
但并列主語(yǔ)如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，如, His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.
(3)、主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)時(shí)，盡管后面跟有as well as, but ,except, besides, with ,along with, together with, like等，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)，如，
The teacher as well as his students is excited.
(4)、某些不定代詞，如做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)，如:Everyone has a book.
(5)、一些只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞，如people, cattle, clothes等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)，如，A lot of people are dancing outside.
2、意義上一致
(1)、表時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、度量衡等的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)，如，
Twenty years is not a long time.
(2)、表示總稱意義的名詞public, police, cattle, clothes等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，如，
People are talking about the accident.
(3)、有些集合名詞，如family, team等作主語(yǔ)，如作為一個(gè)整體看待，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，如指其中每個(gè)成員，則用復(fù)數(shù)，如，
My family is a big one.
My family are watching TV.
3、鄰近一致
用連詞or, either……or, neither……nor, whether……or, not only…but also,等連接的并列主語(yǔ)，如果一個(gè)是單數(shù)，一個(gè)是復(fù)數(shù)，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞按就近一致原則，與最靠近它的主語(yǔ)一致，如，
Either you or I am mad.
II.例題
例1、The chemical works _______ where my father has worked for thirty years in 1949.
A. was built B. were built C. is built D. are built
解析：該題答案為A。works形式上是復(fù)數(shù)，意思上是單數(shù)，因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，類(lèi)似的還有news, maths, politics, physics.
例2、They each _______ a copy of the new physics.
A. have B. has C. having D. gets
解析：該題答案為A。They each不等于each of …, each of 這個(gè)詞組作主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)如each of the students hands in their homework，而they each作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)要隨each前面的詞來(lái)變化。