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考研英語(yǔ)模擬練習(xí)題及答案解析

時(shí)間:2024-07-31 02:42:57 學(xué)人智庫(kù) 我要投稿
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考研英語(yǔ)模擬練習(xí)題及答案解析

  Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

考研英語(yǔ)模擬練習(xí)題及答案解析

  Happy people work differently. They’re more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggests that happiness might influence__1__firm’s work, too.

  Companies located in places with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper.__2__, firms in happy places spend more on R&D (research and development). That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking__3__for making investments for the future.

  The researchers wanted to know if the__4__and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would__5__the way companies invested. So they compared U.S. cities’ average happiness__6__by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.

  __7__enough, firms’ investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were__8__.But is it really happiness that’s linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities__9__why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researchers controlled for various__10__that might make firms more likely to invest – like size, industry, and sales – and for indicators that a place was__11__to live in, like growth in wages or population. The link between happiness and investment generally__12__even after accounting for these things.

  The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors__13__to “l(fā)ess codified decision making process” and the possible presence of “younger and less__14__managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.” The relationship was__15__stronger in places where happiness was spread more__16__.Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality.

  __17__ this doesn’t prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least__18__at that possibility. It’s not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help__19__how executives think about the future. “It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and__20__R&D more than the average,” said one researcher.

  1. [A] why [B] where [C] how [D] when

  2. [A] In return [B] In particular [C] In contrast [D] In conclusion

  3. [A] sufficient [B] famous [C] perfect [D] necessary

  4. [A] individualism [B] modernism [C] optimism [D] realism

  5. [A] echo [B] miss [C] spoil [D] change

  6. [A] imagined [B] measured [C] invented [D] assumed

  7. [A] Sure [B] Odd [C] Unfortunate [D] Often

  8. [A] advertised [B] divided [C] overtaxed [D] headquartered

  9. [A] explain [B] overstate [C] summarize [D] emphasize

  10. [A] stages [B] factors [C] levels [D] methods

  11. [A] desirable [B] sociable [C] reputable [D] reliable

  12. [A] resumed [B] held [C]emerged [D] broke

  13. [A] attribute [B] assign [C] transfer [D]compare

  14. [A] serious [B] civilized [C] ambitious [D]experienced

  15. [A] thus [B] instead [C] also [D] never

  16. [A] rapidly [B] regularly [C] directly [D] equally

  17. [A] After [B] Until [C] While [D] Since

  18. [A] arrives [B] jumps [C] hints [D] strikes

  19. [A] shape [B] rediscover [C] simplify [D] share 20. [A] pray for [B] lean towards [C] give away [D] send out

  1. [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [C]how

  [考點(diǎn)分析] 連詞辨析

  [選項(xiàng)分析] 根據(jù)語(yǔ)境,“新發(fā)現(xiàn)表明:快樂(lè)可能會(huì)影響工作__的穩(wěn)定!盵A] 為什么 [B] 哪里 [C] 怎樣,多么 [D] 當(dāng)…時(shí)候。根據(jù)語(yǔ)義分析,C選項(xiàng)填入原文,譯為“快樂(lè)可能會(huì)影響工作是有多么穩(wěn)定”,C為正確選項(xiàng)。

  2. [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [B]In particular

  [考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義以及短語(yǔ)辨析

  [選項(xiàng)分析] [A] 反過(guò)來(lái) [B] 尤其是 [C] 相反 [D] 總的來(lái)說(shuō) 根據(jù)前文語(yǔ)境,第二段第一句譯為“根據(jù)近期的研究,擁有更多快樂(lè)的人的公司會(huì)投資更多”。而第二句“_______那些在快樂(lè)氛圍中的公司會(huì)做更多的研發(fā)以及發(fā)展!暗诙涫窃诘谝痪涞幕A(chǔ)上進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)明,因此B選項(xiàng)更符合語(yǔ)境要求。

  3. [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [D]necessary

  [考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義及形容詞詞義辨析

  [選項(xiàng)分析] [A]充足的 [B] 著名的 [C] 完美的 [D] 必要的 首先,根據(jù)本句題干 “That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking 3 for making investments for the future.”譯為“因?yàn)榭鞓?lè)與對(duì)未來(lái)投資有______長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)考慮相聯(lián)系。”要求填寫(xiě)形容詞, 我們要考慮其搭配與其修飾成分?崭裉幋钆浣樵~for, 并且修飾“長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)考慮”。因此D選項(xiàng)最符合語(yǔ)境要求。

  4. [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [C]optimism

  [考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義及名詞詞義辨析

  [選項(xiàng)分析] [A]個(gè)人主義 [B] 現(xiàn)代主義 [C] 樂(lè)觀主義 [D] 現(xiàn)實(shí)主義 本題考查同后綴的名詞辨析。根據(jù)原文主旨,探討“happy people”與公司的關(guān)系。那么,衡量四個(gè)選項(xiàng),只有C選項(xiàng)符合主旨要求。

  5. [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [D]change

  [考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞詞義辨析

  [選項(xiàng)分析] [A]發(fā)出回聲 [B] 想念,錯(cuò)過(guò) [C] 破壞 [D] 改變 根據(jù)原文語(yǔ)境,“would 5 the way companies invested.”本題考查動(dòng)賓搭配,賓語(yǔ)為“公司投資的方式”只有D選項(xiàng)搭配最為合理。

  6.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [B]measured

  [考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞詞義辨析

  [選項(xiàng)分析] [A]想象 [B] 衡量,測(cè)量 [C] 發(fā)明 [D] 假定,設(shè)想 “So they compared U.S. cities’average happiness 6 by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.”譯為“他們把蓋洛普咨詢(xún)公司所_____的美國(guó)城市平均幸福指數(shù)與該地區(qū)的上市公司投資活躍度進(jìn)行對(duì)比! 根據(jù)原文語(yǔ)境,蓋洛普咨詢(xún)公司所做的應(yīng)該是一個(gè)“既定事實(shí)”所以排除ACD。因此,B選項(xiàng)為最佳選項(xiàng)。

  7.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [A]Sure

  [考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義及固定搭配

  [選項(xiàng)分析] [A]確信的 [B] 奇怪的 [C] 不幸運(yùn)的 [D] 經(jīng)常的 本題為固定搭配“sure enough” 譯為“足以肯定的是,”

  8.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [D]headquartered

  [考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義及形容詞詞義辨析

  [選項(xiàng)分析] [A]廣告的 [B] 劃分的 [C] 課稅過(guò)重的 [D]位于總部的 根據(jù)原文“ firms’ investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were 8 . ”譯為“足以肯定的是,公司投資與研發(fā)力度與公司______的幸福指數(shù)相關(guān)。”in which 引導(dǎo)表示地點(diǎn)的定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞為area.對(duì)比四個(gè)選項(xiàng),ABC不足以說(shuō)明此地點(diǎn)的真實(shí)含義。因此,D選項(xiàng),搭配前文area,構(gòu)成“總部所在地”最為合理。

  9.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [A]explain

  [考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞詞義辨析

  [選項(xiàng)分析] [A]解釋 [B] 夸大 [C] 概述[D]重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào) 根據(jù)原文“…or ould something else about happier cities 9 why firms there spend more on R&D?” A選項(xiàng) “explain”常和后文 “why” 搭配使用。

  10.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [B]factors

  [考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義及名詞詞義辨析

  [選項(xiàng)分析] [A]階段 [B] 因素 [C] 等級(jí)[D]方法 根據(jù)原文語(yǔ)境“To find out, the researchers controlled for various 10 that might make firms more likely to invest – like size, industry, and sales…”本題中,破折號(hào)后面 “大小,產(chǎn)業(yè),銷(xiāo)售”這些都是 “讓公司有更多投資的”因素。因此,B選項(xiàng)最符合原文語(yǔ)境。

  11.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [A] desirable

  [考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義和形容詞

  [選項(xiàng)分析] 該空填的是形容詞,用來(lái)修飾前面的名詞place,并且在意義上也是對(duì)后面like growth in wages or population的解釋?zhuān)梢钥闯鰜?lái)應(yīng)該是填褒義詞,并且能修飾place.所以只有[A]desirable合適的 符合文章。[B]social 社交的 [C]reputable 受尊敬的 [D]reliable 可依靠的。

  12. [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [B]held

  [考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞詞義辨析

  [選項(xiàng)分析] 該句算是這一段的總結(jié)句,該段整體在描述幸福與投資之間的關(guān)系,而這一link就只能得出了,只有[B]held ”得出”符合語(yǔ)境。A resumed “重新開(kāi)始”,C emerge “浮現(xiàn)”,D broke “破壞”。

  13.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [A] attribute

  [考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文邏輯關(guān)系以及動(dòng)詞詞組辨析

  [選項(xiàng)分析]該空是一個(gè)which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所在地,動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)就是前面的主句,強(qiáng)調(diào)“幸福與投資之間的關(guān)系尤其適用于新公司”這一結(jié)論與后面“所做決定會(huì)偏草率”之間的關(guān)系,能看出是一個(gè)因果關(guān)系,因此答案選擇[A]attribute 與to 搭配表示“歸因于……”,而[B]assign to表示“指派”[C]transfer to“轉(zhuǎn)移到”[D]compare to“與……比較”均不符合題意。

  14.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [D] experienced

  [考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義及形容詞詞義辨析

  [選項(xiàng)分析] 此處很簡(jiǎn)單,前面有一個(gè)并列連詞and, 與前面的young一致修飾managers,強(qiáng)調(diào)新公司的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)年輕并缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn),只有[D]experienced最合適。

  15. [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [C] also

  [考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文邏輯關(guān)系以及副詞詞義辨析

  [選項(xiàng)分析]前面說(shuō)到了“年輕的新經(jīng)理決策時(shí)更容易受情緒影響。”與后面的“這種關(guān)系在員工幸福指數(shù)_____的公司尤為明顯。公司似乎樂(lè)于投資那些相對(duì)快樂(lè)的員工所在的部門(mén),而不是那些不快樂(lè)的部門(mén)。”之間很明顯是一種遞進(jìn)關(guān)系,所以只有[C]also合適。”

  16. [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [D]equally

  [考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義及副詞詞義辨析

  [選項(xiàng)分析] 這題是考察副詞修飾spread, 但是更要注意的是該句“這種關(guān)系在員工幸福指數(shù)_____的公司尤為明顯。公司似乎樂(lè)于投資那些相對(duì)快樂(lè)的員工所在的部門(mén),而不是那些不快樂(lè)的部門(mén)!敝性摽张c后面的inequality形成復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系,所以很容易判斷出答案選擇[D]equally。

  17. [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [C] while

  [考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文邏輯關(guān)系

  [選項(xiàng)分析] 該題是典型的考察上下文邏輯關(guān)系的題目,因此著力點(diǎn)應(yīng)該放在上一段和這一段之間的關(guān)系。這一段第一句明確說(shuō)出“這并不證明是幸福導(dǎo)致公司大量投資……”,所以?xún)删湓捴g是一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,選擇while.

  18. [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [C]hints

  [考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞詞義辨析

  [選項(xiàng)分析] 該題可以看出是考察動(dòng)詞與at的固定搭配,arrive at是“到達(dá),抵達(dá)”,jump at是“撲向;欣然接受”hint at是“暗示” strike at是“襲擊,攻擊”,文章中的at least 和that possibility論證了這是一種可能,只有hint at有這層含義。

  19. [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [A]shape

  [考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞詞義辨析

  [選項(xiàng)分析] 根據(jù)上下文應(yīng)該選一個(gè)“影響”未來(lái)看法含義的動(dòng)詞,[B]是“再發(fā)現(xiàn)”[C]是“使簡(jiǎn)化,使單純”[D]是“分享”所以可以均可以排除,A 是“塑造,形成,影響”,所以A項(xiàng)是最佳答案。

  20. [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [B]lean towards

  [選項(xiàng)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞詞組詞義辨析

  [考點(diǎn)分析] 本空考察動(dòng)詞詞組,且該詞組詞義應(yīng)與and前面意思保持一致,且作用對(duì)象為研發(fā)。[A]pray for 祈禱 [B]lean towards 傾向 [C]give away 放棄,泄露 [D]send out 放出,給予。只有[B]選項(xiàng)能表達(dá)一種遞進(jìn)含義。

  【全文翻譯】

  快樂(lè)的人工作起來(lái)會(huì)有不同。他們更多產(chǎn),更有創(chuàng)造力,也更愿意去冒險(xiǎn)。近期的一項(xiàng)研究表明快樂(lè)也可能會(huì)影響公司的工作。

  根據(jù)近期的研究報(bào)告,在各地的公司里,擁有更多快樂(lè)的員工會(huì)投入的更多。尤其是那些在快樂(lè)氛圍中的公司會(huì)做更多的研發(fā)以及發(fā)展。因?yàn)榭鞓?lè)與對(duì)未來(lái)投資有必要的長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)考慮相聯(lián)系。這是因?yàn)閷?duì)未來(lái)進(jìn)行投資需要作出長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)決策,而這種決策與快樂(lè)相關(guān)。

  研究者希望了解樂(lè)觀精神和隨快樂(lè)而來(lái)的冒險(xiǎn)精神是否會(huì)改變公司投資的方式。因此,他們把蓋洛普咨詢(xún)公司所評(píng)估出的美國(guó)城市平均幸福指數(shù)與該地區(qū)的上市公司投資活躍度進(jìn)行對(duì)比。

  足以肯定的是,公司投資和研發(fā)力度與公司總部所在地的幸福指數(shù)相關(guān)。但是幸福真的與投資相關(guān)嗎?或者說(shuō)幸福指數(shù)更高的城市的其他方面能夠說(shuō)明公司為何加大研發(fā)投入。為了弄清這一點(diǎn),研究者掌握了多種可能促使公司投資的因素,例如規(guī)模,產(chǎn)業(yè),銷(xiāo)售,也掌握了各種指標(biāo),如適宜居住地,工資漲幅及人口變化。了解這些問(wèn)題后,幸福與投資的關(guān)系就能夠輕松得出了。

  幸福與投資之間的關(guān)系尤其適用于新公司,這是因?yàn)樾鹿舅鰶Q定會(huì)偏草率,而且年輕的新經(jīng)理決策時(shí)更容易受情緒影響。同樣,這種關(guān)系在員工幸福指數(shù)相同的公司尤為明顯。公司似乎樂(lè)于投資那些相對(duì)快樂(lè)的員工所在的部門(mén),而不是那些不快樂(lè)的部門(mén)。

  然而這并不證明是幸福導(dǎo)致公司大量投資,或者從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的角度來(lái)講,研究人員認(rèn)為至少它預(yù)示著這種可能性。不難想象,本地文化以及情感有助于影響高管對(duì)于未來(lái)的看法!翱鞓(lè)的人比普通人有預(yù)見(jiàn)性、創(chuàng)造力、更善于研發(fā)這種說(shuō)法似乎更可信!币晃谎芯空哒f(shuō)。

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