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北京高考英語(yǔ)試題(2)
B
The Brown Bear
My wife Laura and I were on the beach, with three of our children, taking pictures of shore birds near our home in Alaska when we spotted a bear. The bear was thin and small, moving aimlessly.
Just a few minutes later, I heard my daughter shouting, “Dad! The bear is right behind us!” An agreesive bear will usually rush forward to frighten away its enemy but would suddenly stop at the last minute. This one was silent and its ears pinned back---- the sign (跡象) of an animal that is going in for the kill. And it was a cold April day. The bear behaved abnormally, probably because of hunger.
I held my camera tripod (三腳架) in both hands to form a barrier as the bear rushed into me. Its huge head was level with my chest and shoulders, and the tripod stuck across its mouth. It bit down and I found myself supporting its weight. I knew I would not be able to hold it for long.
Even so, this was a fight I had to win: I was all that stood between the bear and my family, who would stand little chance of running faster than a brown bear.
The bear hit at the camera, cutting it off the tripod. I raised my left arm to protect my face; the beast held tightly on the tripod and pressed it into my side. My arm could not move, and I sensed that my bones were going to break.
Drawing back my free hand, I struck the bear as hard as I could for five to six times. The bear opened its mouth and I grasped its fur, trying to push it away. I was actually wrestling (扭打) with the bear at this point. Then, as suddenly as it had begun, the fight ended. The bear moved back toward the forest, before returning for another attack----- The first time I felf panic.
Apparently satisfied that we caused no further threat, the bear moved off, destroying a fence as it went. My arm was injured, but the outcome for us could hardly have been better. I’m proud that my family reminded clear-headed when panic could have led to a very different outcome.
60. The brown bear approached the family in order to _______.
A. catch shore birds B. start an attack
C. protect the children D. set up a barrier for itself
61. The bear finally went away after it _______.
A. felt safe B. got injured
C. found some food D. took away the camera
62. The writer and his family survived mainly due to their ______ .
A. pride B. patience
C. calmness D. cautiousness
C
Choosing the Right Resolution (決定)
Millions of Americans began 2014 with the same resolution they started 2013 with, a goal of losing weight. However, setting weight loss as a goal is a mistake.
To reach our goal of losing weight --- the output, we need to control what we eat --- the input ( 輸入). That is, we tend to care about the output but not to control the input. This is a bad way to construce goals. The alternative is to focus your resolution on the input. Instead of resolving to lose weight, try an actionable resolution: “I’ll stop having desert for lunch,” or “I’ll walk every day for 20 minutes.” Creating a goal that focuses on a well-specified input will likely be more effective than concentrating on the outcome.
Recently a new science behind incentives (激勵(lì)) , including in education, has been discussed. For example, researcher Roland Fryer wanted to see what works best in motivating children to do better in school. In some cases, he gave students incentives based on input, like reading certain books, while in others, the incentives were based on output, like results on exams. His main finding was that incentives increased achievement when based on input but had no effect on output. Fryer’s conclusion was that the intensives for inputs might be more effective because do not knoe how to do better on exam, aside from general rules like “study harder.” Reading certain books, on the other hand, is a well-set task over which they have much more control.
As long as you have direct control over your goal, you have a much higher chance of success. And it’s easier to start again if you fail, because you know exactly what you need to do.
If you want to cut down on your spending, a good goal would be making morning coffee at home instead of going to a cafe, for example. This is a well-specified action-based goal for which you can measure your success easily. Spending less money isn’t a goal because it’s too general. Similarly, if you want to spend more time with your family, don’t stop with this general wish. Think bout an actionable habit that you could adopt and stick to, like a family movie night every Wednesday.
In the long run, these new goals could become a habit.
63. The writer thinks that setting weight loss as a goal is a mistake because _______ .
A. it is hard to achieve for most Americans
B. it is focused too much on the result
C. it is dependent on too many things
D. it is based on actionable decisions
64. In Roland Fryer’s research, some students did better than the others because ______ .
A. they obeyed all the general rules
B. they paid more attention to exams
C. they were motivated by their classmates
D. they were rewarded for reading some books
65. According to the writer, which of the following statements is a good goal?
A. “I’ll give up desert.” B. “I’ll study harder.”
C. “I’ll cut down my expense” D. “I’ll spend more time with my family”
66. The writer strongly believes that we should ________ .
A. develop good habits and focus on the outcome
B. be optimistic about final goals and stick to them
C. pick specific actions that can be turned into good habits
D. set ambitious goals that can balance the input ang output
D
Multitasking
What is the first thing you nitice when you walk into a shop? The products displayed (展示) at the entrance? Or the soft background music?
But have you ever notice the smell? Unless it is bad, the answer is likely to be no. But while a shop’s scent may not be outstanding compared with sightsand sounds, it is certainly there. And it is providing to be an increasing powerful tool in encouraging people to purchase.
A brand store has become famous for its distinctive scent which floats through the fairly dark hall and out to the entrance, via scent machines. A smell may be attractive but it may not just be used for freshening air. One sports goods company once reported that when it first introduced scent into its stores, customers’ intension to purchase increased by 80 percent.
When it comes to the best shopping streets in Pairs, scent is just as important to a brand’s success as the quality of its window displays and goods on slaes. That is mainly because shopping is a very different experience to what it used to be.
Some years ago,the focus for brand name shopping was on a few people with sales assistants’ disproving attitude and don’t-touch-what-you-can’t-afford displays. Now the rise of electronic commerce (e-commerce) has opened up famous brands to a wider audience. But while e-shops can use sights and sounds, only bricks-and-mortar stores (實(shí)體店) can offer a full experience from the minute customers step through the door to the moment they leave. Another brand store seeks to be much more than a shop, but rather a destination. And scent is just one way to achieve this.
Now a famous store uses complex man-made smell to make sure that the soft scent of baby powder floats through the kid department, and coconut (椰子) scent in the swimsuit section. A department store has even opened a new lab, inviting customers on a journey into the store’s windows to smell books, pots and drawers, in search of their perfect scent.
67. According to the passage, what is an increasingly powerful tool in the success of some brand store?
A. Friendly assistant. B. Unique scents.
C. Soft background music D. attractive window display.
68. E-shops are mentioned in the passage to _______ .
A. ashow the advantages of brick-and-mortar stores
B. urge shop assistants to change their attitude
C. push stores to use sights and sounds
D. introduce the rise of e-commerce
69. The underlined word “destination” in Paragraph 5 means _______ .
A. a platform that exhibts goods
B. a spot where travelers like to stay
C.a place where customers love to go
D. a target that a store expects to meet
70. The main purpose of the passage is to ______ .
A. compare and evaluate B. examine and assess
C. argue and discuss D.inform and explain
第二節(jié)(共5 小題;每小題2 分。共10 分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出正確的填入空白處。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
Evaluating Sources (來源) of health Information
Making good choices about your own health requairs reasonable evaluation. A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of healthy information. Resonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to fins relevant information, how to separate fact from opinions, how to recognize poor reasoning, and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources. 71G
Go to the original source. Media reports often simplify the results of medical research. Find out for yourself what a study really reported, and determin whether it was based on good science. Think about the type of study. 72 D
Watch for misleading language. Some studies will find that a behaviour “contributes to” or is “associated with” an outcome; this does not mean that a certain course must lead to a certain result. 73 F Carefully read or listen to information in order to fully understand it.
Use your common sense. Ifa report seems too good to be true, probably it is. Be especially careful of information contained in advertisements. 74 B Evaluate “scientific” statements carefully, and be aware of quackery(江湖騙術(shù)).
75A Friends and family members can be a great source of ideas and inspiration, but each of us needs to find a healthy lifestyle that works for us.
Developing the ability to evaluate reasonably and independently about the health problems will serve you well throughout your life.
A. Make choice that are right for you.
B. The goal of an ad is to sell you something.
C. Be sure to work through the critical questions.
D. And examine the findings of the original research.
E. Distinguish between research reports and public health advice.
F. Be aware that information may also be incorrectly explained by an author’s point of view.
G. The following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from common sources.
第四部分：書面表達(dá)(共兩節(jié)，35 分)
第一節(jié)(15分)
你給英國(guó)朋友Chris寫一封信，內(nèi)容包括：
1.你們?cè)?jì)劃7月份一同去云南旅游;
2.由于腳部受傷，你無法按原計(jì)劃前往;
3.表達(dá)你的歉意并建議將旅行推遲到8月份。
注意：1.詞數(shù)不少于50.
2. 可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。
3.開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。
Dear Chris,
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Joe
(請(qǐng)務(wù)必將作文寫在答題卡指定區(qū)域內(nèi))
第二節(jié)(20 分)
假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三(1)班的學(xué)生李華，請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下四幅圖的先后順序，用�？坝⒄Z(yǔ)園地”寫一篇短文，記述你和同學(xué)們向?qū)W校提建議，解決自行車存放問題的過程。
注意： 1. 詞數(shù)不少于60.
2. 短文的開頭已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。
There was a problem with the parking place for bikes in our school.
二部分
第四部分
第一節(jié)
One possible version
Dear Chris,
How is everything going?
I remember we planned to visit Yunnan in July but now bucause my left foot was injured, I cannot go with you as planned.
I’m sorry about it. Can I suggest that we put it off until early august? I wish you could understand. I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon.
Yours,
Joe
第二節(jié)
內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)
1. 點(diǎn)明問題;
2. 討論問題;
3. 提交建議;
4. 看到變化。
One possible version
There was a problem with the parking place for bikes in our school, I noticed the entrance was small and almost blocked. So my classmates and I had a discussion and wrote a report. Then we went to meet the schoolmaster in his office and gave the report to him. He accepted our suggfestions. Soon afterwards, a second entrance was opened to the parking place. Now it is easy to park our bikes there.
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