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初中英語同義詞替換考點

學人智庫 時間:2018-02-08 我要投稿
【www.lotusphilosophies.com - 學人智庫】

  同義替換題是近幾年中考英語的常考題型,今天小編為大家整理的是同義替換題的考查類型,希望大家喜歡,歡迎閱讀參考。

  1、運用同義詞(組)進行轉(zhuǎn)換

  用同義詞或同義短語對原句中的某些詞或短語進行替換,注意轉(zhuǎn)換后的詞或短語的詞形變化要與句子其他成分相適應(yīng)。如:

  1. That day we could see flowers here and there.

  That day we could see flowers __________.

  答案:everywhere

  解析:everywhere與here and there都表示“到處”。

  2. The teacher always takes good care of the children in the school.

  The teacher always ______ ______ the children well in the school.

  答案:looks after

  解析:take good care of與look after…well都表示“好好照顧”。

  2、運用反義詞(組)的否定式進行轉(zhuǎn)換

  即用反義詞或短語的否定式表達與原句相同的意思,主要考查學生對反義詞(短語)的積累和換位思維的能力。如:

  1. It’s clear that this visit is different from last time.

  It’s clear that this visit is not the ______ ______ last time.

  答案:same as

  解析: be different from意為“與……不同”;the same as意為“與……相同”,其否定式與be different from同義。

  2. I think wealth is less important than health.

  I ______ think wealth is ______ important than health.

  答案: don’t ; more

  另外,有的反義詞不用與否定詞連用,只需改變句子結(jié)構(gòu)也可構(gòu)成同義句。如:

  He lent some money to his friend.

  His friend ______ some money ______ him.

  答案:borrowed; from

  解析:borrow …from …意為“向……借……”;lend…to... 意為“把……借給……”。

  3、運用不同語態(tài)進行轉(zhuǎn)換

  即運用主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的變化來轉(zhuǎn)換同義詞, 但此時要特別注意時態(tài)一致性。如:

  1. Everyone should give back his library books on time.

  Library books should______ ______ ______ on time.

  答案:be given back

  解析:被動句中含有情態(tài)動詞should,因此助動詞用be。

  2. It is widely accepted that more people use computers in the world today.

  It is widely accepted that computers ______ widely ______ in the world today.

  答案:are;used

  解析:computers是復(fù)數(shù)名詞,助動詞用are。

  4、非延續(xù)性動詞與延續(xù)性動詞相互轉(zhuǎn)換

  非延續(xù)性動詞與延續(xù)性動詞進行轉(zhuǎn)換,此時往往會涉及時態(tài)的變化。如:

  1. The manager left two hours ago.

  The manager ______ ______ ______ for two hours.

  答案: has been away

  解析:leave為非延續(xù)性動詞,不能與for two hours連用,而be away則可連用一段時間。

  2. The film began five minutes ago.

  The film has been _____ _____ five minutes.

  答案:on for

  解析: has been提示時態(tài)是現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài),“for + 時間段”表示“持續(xù)(一段時間)”,常用在含有現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的句子里。

  3. Mr Li joined the Party twenty years ago.

  Mr Li _____ _____ _____ the Party for twenty years.

  答案:has been in

  5、直接引語與間接引語相互轉(zhuǎn)換

  此時要注意相關(guān)時態(tài)、人稱、動詞、狀語等相應(yīng)的變化。如:

  1.“I’ve found my wallet,” he said to me.

  He ______ me that he______ ______his wallet.

  答案:told;had found

  2. “Did you see her last week?” he said.

  He ______ ______ I had seen her the week ______.

  答案:asked if / whether; before

  6、簡單句與復(fù)合句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換

  即將簡單句變成同義的復(fù)合句或?qū)?fù)合句變成同義的簡單句。如:

  1. We didn’t go out for a walk because it was raining.

  We didn’t go out for a walk ______ ______ the rain.

  答案:because of

  2. He was so excited that he couldn’t go to sleep.

  He was ______ ______ ______ go to sleep.

  答案:too excited to

  解析:將so…that…換成too…to…結(jié)構(gòu),原句的that從句為結(jié)果狀語從句,改寫句中的不定式仍表結(jié)果。

  3. Now I will show you how to do the work.

  Now I will show you ______ ______ ______ do the work.

  答案:how you can

  解析:即將原句中的“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換成賓語從句。

  4. You should put them back after you use them.

  You should put them back _____ _____ them.

  答案:after using

  解析:即將after引導(dǎo)的狀語從句改寫為after引導(dǎo)的介詞短語。

  7、并列句與復(fù)合句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換

  即將并列句變成同義的復(fù)合句或?qū)?fù)合句變成同義的并列句。如:

  1. Come on, or we’ll miss the early bus.

  ______ we ______ hurry, we’ll miss the early bus.

  答案:If;don’t

  2. The man gave us a talk last week. He will give us another talk this week.

  The man ______ gave us a talk last week ______ ______ us another talk this week.

  答案:who / that;will give

  解析:who/ that gave us a talk last week為定語從句,修飾先行詞man。

  8、運用關(guān)聯(lián)詞連接或合并句子

  即運用關(guān)聯(lián)詞both…and…,neither…nor…,either…or…,not only…but also…等將兩個簡單句合并為一個簡單句。此時要注意的是,both…and…連接兩個主語時,謂語總是用復(fù)數(shù),而neither…nor…,either…or…,not only…but also…連接兩個主語時,謂語動詞通常應(yīng)與靠近的主語保持一致。如:

  1. Tom can’t speak Japanese well and Jim can’t, either.

  ______ Tom ______ Jim can speak Japanese well.

  答案:Neither;nor

  解析:neither…nor…表示“……和……(兩者)都不”,剛好與原句的兩個否定結(jié)構(gòu)的意思相吻合。

  2. Alice has read the book and Peter has read it, too.

  ______ Alice ______ Peter have read the book.

  答案:Both;and

  解析:both…and…的意思是“……和……(兩者)都”。

  3. This store sells men’s shoes, and it also sells men’s clothes.

  This store sells ______ ______ men’s shoes ______ ______ men’s clothes.

  答案:not only;but also

  解析:not only…but also…表示“不僅……而且……”之意。

  9、運用某些經(jīng)典句式或結(jié)構(gòu)進行轉(zhuǎn)換

  這類典型結(jié)構(gòu)如so…that…,too…to…,enough to,not…until…,so do I 等。如:

  1. Jim wants to go boating and his parents want to go boating, too.

  Jim wants to go boating, and ______ ______ his parents.

  答案:so do

  2. John went to bed after he finished his homework.

  John ______ go to bed ______ he finished his homework.

  答案:didn’t; until

  解析:not…until意為“直到……才”。

  延伸閱讀:初中英語高頻近義詞/詞組考點辨析

  1、after, in

  這兩個介詞都可以表示“……(時間)以后”。

  after 以過去為起點,表示過去一段時間之后,常用于過去時態(tài)的句子中。例如:

  She went after three days.

  她是三天以后走的。

  in 以現(xiàn)在為起點,表將來一段時間以后,常用于將來時態(tài)的句子中。例如:

  She will go in three days.

  她將會三天后走。

  2、how long, how often, how soon

  how long指多長時間,主要用來對一段時間(如three days, four weeks 等)提問。

  例如:How long ago was it?

  這是多久前的事了?

  how often指多久一次,主要用來對頻度狀語(如once a week等)提問。

  例如:—How often does he come here? 他多久來一次?

  —Once a month.每月一次。

  how soon指多久以后,主要用來對表示將來的一段時間(in an hour, in two weeks 等)提問。

  例如:How soon can you come?

  你多快能趕來?

  3、few, a few, little, a little

  few 和little的意思是否定的,表示“很少”或“幾乎沒有”;而a few和a little的意思是肯定的,表示“有一些,有一點兒”。

  few 和 a few修飾可數(shù)名詞;little 和 a little 修飾不可數(shù)名詞。

  4、the other, another

  the other 指兩者中的“另一個”,表示特指。例如:

  We stood on one side of the road and they stood on the other.

  我們站在街這邊,他們站在街那邊。

  another表示泛指,用來指至少三者中的另一個。

  例如:She has taken another of my books.

  她已經(jīng)拿了我的另外一本書。

  5、spend, take, cost, pay

  spend的賓語是時間或金錢,句子的主語必須是人。例如:

  She spent the whole evening in reading.

  她把整個晚上用來讀書。

  take用來指“花費”時間,句子的主語通常是表示事物的詞語。例如:

  How long will this job take you?

  你做這項工作要花多長時間?

  cost 指花費時間、金錢或力氣等,只能用表示事物的詞做主語。例如:

  How much does the jacket cost?

  這件夾克多少錢?

  pay 主要指主語(某人)買某物(或為某事)付多少錢(給某人)。例如:

  I pay for my rooms by month.

  我按月支付租金。

  6、speak, say, talk, tell

  這四個動詞都有“說”的意思。

  speak的意思是“講話;演講”,著重指說話的動作,多用作不及物動詞;用作及物動詞時,其賓語是語言。例如:

  He can speak Japanese.

  他會說日語。

  say的意思是“說;講”,一般用作及物動詞,著重指說話的內(nèi)容。它的賓語可以是名詞、代詞或直接引語等。例如:

  She says, “Don’t draw on the wall!”

  她說:“別在墻上畫畫!”

  talk的意思是“說;講;談話”,與speak意義比較接近,但不如speak正式,著重強調(diào)兩人之間的相互談話,也可指單方面的談話。例如:

  She is talking with John in English.

  她正在和約翰用英語交談。

  tell意為“告訴;講述;吩咐”,多指以口頭方式將某事告訴某人,常接雙賓語。例如:

  She is telling the children a story.

  她正在給孩子們講故事。

  7、among, between

  between 的意思是“在……中間,在……之間”,一般指在兩者之間。例如:

  There is a table between two windows.

  在兩扇窗戶之間有一張桌子。

  between 有時也表示在多于兩個以上的事物之間,但那也是指在每二者之間。例如:

  the relationship between different provinces and municiplities

  省市和省市之間的關(guān)系(這里是指每兩個省市之間的相互關(guān)系)

  among 的意思是“在……中間,在……之中”,一般指在三個或三個以上的同類事物之中。例如:

  The teacher distributed them among the students.

  老師把這些東西分給了學生。

  8、beat, win

  這兩個詞都有“獲勝,打敗”的意思,但其后賓語不同。

  beat是“打敗,優(yōu)于”的意思,后面接人或隊。例如:

  We beat them.

  我們打敗了他們。

  win指“贏,獲勝”,后面接比賽或名次。例如:

  We won the match/game/race/the first place.

  我們贏了這場比賽(獲得了第一名)。

  9、agree with, agree on, agree to

  agree on表示“就……取得一致意見”。例如:

  We all agree on (making) an early start.

  我們一致同意及早出發(fā)。

  agree with表示“與……意見一致”,后面既可以跟表示人的名詞或人稱代詞,也可以跟表示意見或看法的名詞或what引導(dǎo)的從句。例如:

  I agree with you without reservation.

  我毫無保留地同意你的意見。

  We agree with what you said just now.

  我們同意你剛才所說的。

  agree to表示“贊同、同意、答應(yīng)或接受”,后面不能接人,只能接“提議,計劃,方案”等。例如:

  I agree to the terms proposed.

  我同意擬議的條件。

  10、bring, take, carry,fetch

  這四個詞都是動詞,都含有“帶”或“拿”的意思,但使用的場合各不相同。

  bring作“帶來,拿來”解。例如:

  Next time don’t forget to bring me a copy of your work.

  下次不要忘了把一份你的作品帶給我。

  take是bring的對語,作“帶去,拿去”解。例如:

  Take the box away, please.

  請把盒子拿走。

  carry表示“運載,攜帶”之意,運送的方式很多,可以用車、船,也可以用手甚至用頭。例如:

  This bus is licensed to carry 100 passengers.

  這輛巴士準載一百人。

  fetch則表示“去拿來”的意思。例如:

  Please fetch me the documents in that room.

  請到那間房間去把文件拿來給我。