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考研英語:語法大全(情態(tài)動詞-have to)
have to
have to加動詞原形
表示"不得不"、"必須"的概念。它比must更含有"客觀條件使得必須如此做"的意思,并有較多的時態(tài)。如:
Mr. Johnson has to work very hard to earn a living.約翰遜先生為了謀生不得不拼命干活。
I had to leave the party early last night. I wasn't very well.昨晚我只得早點(diǎn)離開晚會,我不大舒服。
We will have to get up very early tomorrow.我們明天必須起得很早。
I shall have to go to the clinic today for my bad cough.我咳嗽得厲害,今天必須去診療所看看。
[注]口語中的I have got to,you have got to等:I have to,you have to. Have I got to?和Do I have to?這兩種疑問形式均可用。
shall
shall作為情態(tài)動詞用于第二、三人稱
可表示說話人給對方的"命令"、"警告"、"允諾"、"威脅"等概念。如:
You shall do it,whether you want to or not. 不管你愿意不愿意,你必須做這項(xiàng)工作。(命令)
You shall have the book as soon as I finish it.這本書我一看完就給你。(允諾)
You shall pay for it.你一定會受到懲罰的。(威脅)
在疑問句中,情態(tài)動詞shall用于第一、三人稱
表示說話人征求對方的意見或向?qū)Ψ秸埵。如?/p>
What shall I do now? 我現(xiàn)在該做什么?
Shall we go for a walk? 我們?nèi)ド⒉胶脝?
Shall he come tomorrow? 你要他明天來嗎?
should
情態(tài)動詞Should表示"勸告"、 "建議 "時
這時should常譯作 "應(yīng)當(dāng)"。如:
We Should learn about the computer and make full use of it.我們應(yīng)該了解計算機(jī)并加以充分利用。
You should listen to the doctor's advice.你應(yīng)當(dāng)聽大夫的話。
You should study the article care fully. 你應(yīng)當(dāng)細(xì),心學(xué)習(xí)這篇文章。
should還可以表示 "預(yù)測"、"可能"
They should be here by now.他們現(xiàn)在可能到了。
The reference book should be in the reading-room.這本參考書可能在閱覽室里。
should有時表示說話人的感情如驚奇、憤怒、失望等
Why should I go? 我干嗎要去?(不滿)
I am sorry that he Should be so obstinate.我很遺憾,他竟這樣固執(zhí)。(失望)
It's strange that it should be so hot today.很怪,今天怎么這么熱。(驚奇)
should后跟動詞的完成式時
這時句子指的是過去的事情。如果是肯定句,常說明某件事本應(yīng)完成而未完成;如果是否定句,表示發(fā)生了不應(yīng)當(dāng)發(fā)生的事情.如:
You should have stopped at in red light. 你見了紅燈本應(yīng)該停車。
You Should not have gone back to work without the doctor's permission.你不應(yīng)當(dāng)未經(jīng)醫(yī)生許可就回去工作。
He Should have come earlier. 他應(yīng)早一點(diǎn)來。
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