2015考研英語 突破長難句名詞性從句
在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句。名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組, 它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等,因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能,名詞性從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。
在翻譯的時(shí)候,主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句一般可以按照英語原文順序來翻譯。同位語從句有以下五種翻譯方法:
①可以直接翻譯在所修飾詞后面。
②放在所修飾的名詞前面,充當(dāng)定語。
③譯成獨(dú)立句子:先翻譯主句,然后用“就是……”或者“即……”引導(dǎo)出同位語從句,或者把同位語從句譯成獨(dú)立的句子,由冒號(hào)或破折號(hào)引出。
④用代詞指代:先把同位語從句中的內(nèi)容翻譯出來,在后面用“這”或“那”等代詞復(fù)指它,參加句子主體的構(gòu)成。
⑤譯成賓語 :把同位語從句修飾的名詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成動(dòng)詞,而把同位語從句譯成賓語。
【真題例句1】
What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real.
【解析】
句子可拆分為:What is harder to establish is //whether the productivity revolution //that businessmen assume //they are presiding over// is for real.
主句為What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution is for real.主句包含兩個(gè)從句成分:從句what is harder to establish作主語;whether the productivity revolution is for real作表語;that they are presiding over為定語從句修飾the productivity revolution; 此定語從句中businessmen assume為主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的插入語。以what, whatever, whoever, whether, when, where, how, why等詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句及表語從句在翻譯的時(shí)候,一般可以按照英語原文順序來翻譯。
【參考譯文】
難以確定的是,商界人士認(rèn)為他們所主導(dǎo)的生產(chǎn)力革命是否真的`存在。
【真題例句2】
It has also been proposed that just because we know so much about people intuitively, there has been less incentive for studying them scientifically: why should one develop a theory, carry out systematic observations, or make predictions about the obvious?
【解析】
該句可拆分為:It has also been proposed that //just because we know so much about people intuitively, // there has been less incentive //for studying them scientifically: //why should one develop a theory, //carry out systematic observations, //or make predictions about the obvious?
主句為:It has also been proposed.That…for studying them scientifically是主語從句,形式主語it的真主語。because we know so much about people intuitively是這個(gè)主語從句中嵌套的原因狀語從句。冒號(hào)后面是一個(gè)簡單句,對(duì)前面內(nèi)容起解釋說明作用。has been proposed, has been這個(gè)動(dòng)詞不好排除,但是如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)后面連詞that后又有一個(gè)連詞because, 說明that引導(dǎo)一個(gè)從句,而這個(gè)because引導(dǎo)的應(yīng)是這個(gè)從句的原因狀語從句,很自然它后面需要有主句。所以這個(gè)動(dòng)詞只是從句中主句的謂語動(dòng)詞,并不是整個(gè)句子的謂語動(dòng)詞。develop, carry out, make在冒號(hào)后面句子中,不能成為主句謂語動(dòng)詞。由此確定主句謂語動(dòng)詞為has been proposed.
It is +過去分詞+that從句開頭的主語從句一般按順序譯出。
【參考譯文】
還有解釋說,正是由于我們對(duì)人的直覺了解太多,所以我們沒有科學(xué)地研究這些直覺的動(dòng)力:對(duì)于顯而易見之事,人們?yōu)槭裁匆⒁环N理論、進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的觀察或是作一些預(yù)言呢?
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