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2024考研英語(yǔ)利用真題突破長(zhǎng)難句
長(zhǎng)難句是指句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、包含多個(gè)意群、使用多種修辭手法和復(fù)雜句式，讀起來(lái)比較費(fèi)力的句子。以下是小編精心整理的2024考研英語(yǔ)利用真題突破長(zhǎng)難句，僅供參考，大家一起來(lái)看看吧。
利用真題突破長(zhǎng)難句
1.Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.【核心詞匯】
desire [dizai?] v./n.欲望，愿望,渴望 resource [ris?:s] n. (pl.復(fù)數(shù)) 資源，財(cái)力
maximize [mksimaiz] v. 最大化 profit [pr?fit] n.利潤(rùn)，利益
couple with加上，與……相結(jié)合
【考點(diǎn)透析】強(qiáng)調(diào)句、主動(dòng)句與被動(dòng)句
【結(jié)構(gòu)導(dǎo)圖】
Thus, in the American economic system‖ it is(the demand of individual consumers, coupled
狀語(yǔ)
with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their
被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分(主語(yǔ))
Incomes), that together determine ‖what shall be produced and how resources are used to
謂語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)從句
produce it.
【具體分析】本句的主干是It is … that… ，被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分有三個(gè)：the demand of individual consumers(個(gè)體消費(fèi)者的需求), the desire of businessmen to maximize profits(商人追求利潤(rùn)最大化的欲望)和the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes(消費(fèi)者個(gè)人對(duì)收入最大化的欲望)，其中coupled with和and起連接作用。在that引導(dǎo)的部分中，determine(決定)作謂語(yǔ)，后面的兩個(gè)從句what shall be produced(什么應(yīng)該被生產(chǎn))和how resources are used to produce it(資源怎么用來(lái)生產(chǎn)這些產(chǎn)品)都是determine的賓語(yǔ)從句。
【技巧點(diǎn)撥】按照漢語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣，英文中的被動(dòng)句往往翻譯成主動(dòng)句，如what shall be produced(什么應(yīng)該被生產(chǎn))和how resources are used to produce it(資源怎么用來(lái)生產(chǎn)這些產(chǎn)品)變成主動(dòng)句(廠家應(yīng)該生產(chǎn)什么和如何利用資源來(lái)進(jìn)行生產(chǎn))就更符合中文的習(xí)慣。
【參考譯文】因此，在美國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)體系中，個(gè)體消費(fèi)者的需求，加上商人追求利潤(rùn)最大化的欲望和消費(fèi)者個(gè)人對(duì)收入最大化的欲望，一起決定了廠家應(yīng)該生產(chǎn)什么和如何利用資源來(lái)進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)。
2.In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers.
【核心詞匯】
mechanism [mek?niz?m] n.機(jī)制 relative [rel?tiv] a.相對(duì)的，比較的
process [pr?uses] n.過(guò)程，程序 in response to作為對(duì)...的反應(yīng)
【考點(diǎn)透析】同位語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)從句
【結(jié)構(gòu)導(dǎo)圖】
In the American economy,(this mechanism) is provided by a price system, a process‖ in
狀語(yǔ) 主干 同位語(yǔ)
which prices rise and fall‖ in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies ‖offered
定語(yǔ)從句 狀語(yǔ)
by seller-producers.
后置定語(yǔ)
【具體分析】本句的主干是this mechanism is provided by a price system(這一機(jī)制是由價(jià)格體系來(lái)提供的)，后面的a process(一個(gè)過(guò)程)是a price system的同位語(yǔ)，即價(jià)格體系就是一個(gè)過(guò)程，而process后面的which引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句修飾a price system;定語(yǔ)從句的主干是prices rise and fall(價(jià)格上升和下降) ，后面的介詞結(jié)構(gòu)in response to(作為對(duì)...的反應(yīng)，也可以意譯為“隨著”) 作狀語(yǔ)，修飾rise and fall ，而in response to后面帶兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)：relative demands of consumers(消費(fèi)者的相對(duì)需求)和supplies offered by seller-producers(銷售-生產(chǎn)商提供的供給)。
【技巧點(diǎn)撥】由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上同一層次的語(yǔ)言單位組成的結(jié)構(gòu),其中前項(xiàng)與后項(xiàng)所指相同,句法功能也相同,后項(xiàng)是前項(xiàng)的同位語(yǔ)。例如，Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us. (我們的新老師史密斯先生對(duì)我們很好。)our new teacher是Mr. Smith的同位語(yǔ),指同一人。
【參考譯文】在美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)中，這一機(jī)制是由價(jià)格體系來(lái)提供的。價(jià)格體系是一個(gè)過(guò)程，在這一過(guò)程中，價(jià)格隨著消費(fèi)者的相對(duì)需求和銷售-生產(chǎn)商提供的供給而漲落。
3.In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.
【核心詞匯】
property [pr?p?ti] n.財(cái)產(chǎn)，所有權(quán)，性質(zhì) ownership [?un??ip]n.所有(權(quán))，所有制
embrace [imbreis] v.包括，包含，擁抱 contract [k?ntrkt] n.合同;v.收縮
productive resources生產(chǎn)資料
【考點(diǎn)透析】并列結(jié)構(gòu)not only… but also(不僅…而且)
【結(jié)構(gòu)導(dǎo)圖】
In the American economy, (the concept of private property) embraces //[陳1] not only the ownership
狀語(yǔ) 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ)
of productive resources but also certain rights, //including the right to determine the price of a
賓語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ)
product or to make a free contract with another private individual.
【具體分析】本句的主干為The concept embraces not only … but also … (私有財(cái)產(chǎn)的概念不僅包含…而且包含…)，其中but also certain rights(也包含某些權(quán)力)后面的部分including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with an other private individual(包括產(chǎn)品價(jià)格的決定權(quán)，或者和其他個(gè)人自由簽訂合同的權(quán)利)是修飾certain rights的定語(yǔ) ，補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明其范圍。
【技巧點(diǎn)撥】right to 為固定搭配表示…的權(quán)力，例如Everyone has the right to live in his own way.#FormatImgID_0#(每人都有權(quán)按自己的方式生活)。
【參考譯文】在美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)中，私有財(cái)產(chǎn)這一概念不僅包含生產(chǎn)資料的所有權(quán)，而且包含某些權(quán)力，包括產(chǎn)品價(jià)格的決定權(quán)或和其他個(gè)人自由簽訂合同的權(quán)利。
4.Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring up sales. They can keep a wide range of records, including who sold what, when, and to whom.
【核心詞匯】
cash register現(xiàn)金出納機(jī)，收銀機(jī) ring up記錄，打電話
more than不僅僅是 a range of一些，一系列
【考點(diǎn)透析】比較級(jí)more than 的用法
【結(jié)構(gòu)導(dǎo)圖】
(Electronic cash registers )can do //much more than simply ring up sales. (They )can keep//
主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ)
a wide range of records//, including who sold what, when, and to whom.
賓語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ)
【具體分析】 第一句中的由do much more than的意思是“做的不只是”，說(shuō)明ring up sales(記錄銷售金額)只是electronic cash registers(電子現(xiàn)金出納機(jī))工作的一部分;第二句中的who sold what, when, and to whom(誰(shuí)在何時(shí)把什么東西賣給了誰(shuí)) 是including的賓語(yǔ)。
【技巧點(diǎn)撥】more than的本意表示“超過(guò)，多于”在不同的語(yǔ)境下也可以翻譯成“不僅僅，不只是，非常”例如，They were more than glad to help us.(他們非常樂(lè)意幫助我們。)She was more than a student.(她不只是個(gè)學(xué)生。)
【參考譯文】電子現(xiàn)金出納機(jī)做的不只是簡(jiǎn)單地記錄銷售金額。它們可以做一系列的記錄，包括誰(shuí)在何時(shí)把什么東西賣給了誰(shuí)。
5.At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employees are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns.
【核心詞匯】
personnel [,p?:s?nel] n.全體員工，人事 staffing [stɑ:fi?] n.配備工作人員
assignment [?sainm?nt] n.安排，作業(yè)，任務(wù) accordingly [?k?:di?li] ad.相應(yīng)地，因此
identify [aidentifai] v.識(shí)別，鑒別 preferred [prif?d] a.優(yōu)先的，更受喜愛(ài)的
promotional [pr?m?u??n?l] a.促銷的，提升的
【考點(diǎn)透析】賓語(yǔ)從句、現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)
【結(jié)構(gòu)導(dǎo)圖】At the same time，( these computers) record // which hours are busiest and which
狀語(yǔ) 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)從句
employees are the most efficient, //allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made
狀語(yǔ)
accordingly. And (they) also identify //preferred customers for promotional campaigns.
主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)
考研英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)難句解析
1、If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.
[譯文]如果新聞界真的注意到了問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵，它就應(yīng)該進(jìn)一步開(kāi)放其多樣化項(xiàng)目， 這個(gè)項(xiàng)目現(xiàn)在還只單純考慮招收不同種族和性別的員工，而進(jìn)一步尋找那些世界觀、價(jià)值觀、教育水平和社會(huì)階層大相徑庭的各種記者。
[分析]本句是一個(gè)虛擬語(yǔ)句。it 代表上文提到的 atroubled business，即“問(wèn)題重重的新聞界”。主語(yǔ)it 跟了兩個(gè)并列的謂語(yǔ)成分：一是 would open up its diversity program，二是(would)look forreporters。reporters后面跟了一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。now focused narrowly on race and gender 是插入語(yǔ)，作 program的定語(yǔ)。
2、For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulation is, “ Succeed at allcosts but avoid appearing ambitious. ”
[譯文]對(duì)于這樣的人，以及更多也許不太出色的人而言，恰當(dāng)?shù)男袨闇?zhǔn)則是： “不惜一切代價(jià)獲得成功，但要避免讓人看出雄心勃勃。”
[分析]For suchpeople and many more perhaps not so exceptional 是句子的狀語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)是 the properformulation，謂語(yǔ)是系動(dòng)詞 is，表語(yǔ)是引號(hào)里的內(nèi)容。
3、International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment.
[譯文]在那些對(duì)外開(kāi)放并鼓勵(lì)外資的國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)中，跨國(guó)公司的分支機(jī)構(gòu)已經(jīng)成為經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域中一個(gè)快速增長(zhǎng)的生產(chǎn)部門。
[分析]本句的主干是International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production ineconomies，后面的 that open up and welcome foreign investment 是 economies 的定語(yǔ)從句。注意一些詞匯的含義：affiliate是名詞，意為 “分支機(jī)構(gòu)” ， 此處是指在世界各地都有分支的多國(guó)公司， 并且是全句的主語(yǔ)；account for 是“……的原因” ；economies 在此處指經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域的國(guó)家概念，因此用復(fù)數(shù)。
4、I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower tradeand investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operationscapable of meeting customers demands.
[譯文]我認(rèn)為引起這場(chǎng)合并浪潮的最重要力量與導(dǎo)致全球一體化的力量是相同的： 運(yùn)輸通信費(fèi)用下降；貿(mào)易與投資障礙減少；市場(chǎng)擴(kuò)大。這一切都需要擴(kuò)大業(yè)務(wù)往來(lái)滿足消費(fèi)者的需求。這對(duì)消費(fèi)者只會(huì)有利而不會(huì)有害。
[分析]本句是一個(gè)嵌套賓語(yǔ)從句， 不過(guò)也并不難理解。 主句是 I believe that， that 后面是 I believe的內(nèi)容。第二個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句修飾的是 same，即 the same that underlie the globalization process。冒號(hào)的內(nèi)容則進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明globalization process 的內(nèi)容。
5、And should one country take upon itself the role of “defending competition” on issues that affect many other nations, as in the US vs. Microsoft case?
[譯文]在那些將會(huì)影響許多其他國(guó)家的事情中，如美國(guó)政府與微軟公司的訴訟案，一個(gè)國(guó)家是否應(yīng)該擔(dān)負(fù)起“保護(hù)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”的責(zé)任呢？
[分析]此句的主干是should one country take upon itself the role， 而 that affect manyother nations 是 issues的定語(yǔ)從句。as in the US vs. Microsoft case 是 issues 的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。on issues是 take upon itself the role 的狀語(yǔ)。注意在閱讀本句的時(shí)候要抓住它本身是一個(gè)文句， 另外，vs.的意思對(duì)正確理解也很重要，它是指 “對(duì)壘， 對(duì)陣” ，在法律的情景中就是“起訴，對(duì)簿公堂”的意思。
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