歷年考研英語真題長難句解析4

1. The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang, first put forward in the 1920s, to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos.

【譯文】巨大的宇宙云的存在，實際上是使二十年代首創(chuàng)的大爆炸論得以保持其宇宙起源論的主導地位所不可缺少的。

【析句】本句的主干為The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang，過去分詞短語first put forward in the 1920s在句中作后置定語，修飾前面的the Big Bang。

【講詞】Big Bang是天文學的一個名詞，應該譯成“大爆炸”或“大爆炸理論”。put forward意為“提出”。The Council has put forward valuable concrete proposals on energy conservation.(委員會提出了寶貴而具體的節(jié)能意見。)China has put forward three historical sites for UNESCO heritage list.(中國提交三個歷史名勝申請成為聯(lián)合國教科文組織的世界遺產(chǎn)。)

UNESCO的全稱是the United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization。

2. Astrophysicists working with ground based detectors at the South Pole and balloon borne instruments are closing in on such structures,and may report their findings soon.

【譯文】天體物理學家使用南極陸基探測器及球載儀器，正越來越近地觀測這些云系，也許不久會報告他們的觀測結(jié)果。

【析句】本句為連詞and引導的并列分句，主語為Astrophysicists，現(xiàn)在分詞短語(working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments)是主語的后置定語，兩個并列謂語分別為are closing in on such structures和may report their findings soon。

【講詞】to close in on意為“接近”或“快要”。AOL is closing in on launching video VoIP.(美國在線很快將推出網(wǎng)絡(luò)視頻電話。)Deadly bird flu virus is closing in on Europe.(致命的禽流感正在接近歐洲。)

ground based意為“陸基”，即基于陸地，也可以說land based。以類似方式組成的單詞還有web-based(基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的;網(wǎng)上的)，如web-based email system(網(wǎng)絡(luò)在線電郵系統(tǒng))。

3. Unlike most of the world's volcanoes, they are not always found at the boundaries of the great drifting plates that make up the earth's surface; on the contrary, many of them lie deep in the interior of a plate.

【譯文】和世界上大多數(shù)火山不同的是，它們并不總是在構(gòu)成地球表面的巨大漂流板塊之間的邊界上出現(xiàn);相反，許多熱點處于板塊較深的內(nèi)部。

【析句】這是一個由兩個分句組成的并列句，中間由分號隔開。在前一個分句中， Unlike most of the world’s volcanoes是一個形容詞短語，修飾句子的主語they。定語從句(that make up the earth’s surface)修飾the great drifting plates。第二個分句結(jié)構(gòu)較簡單，注意many of them是指many of the hot spots。

【講詞】make up意為“化妝;補足;拼湊;組成;編造”等。He made up an excuse for his absence in class, which was found out.(他編了一個借口沒來上課，結(jié)果被發(fā)現(xiàn)了。)I’ll make up the difference in the bill.(我來補上帳單的差額。)You have to make up the lost time by studying harder.(你應該更加努力學習，以彌補失去的時間。)He kissed his wife and made up with her.(他吻了妻子，和她和好了。)

4. The complementary coastlines and certain geological features that seem to span the ocean are reminders of where the two continents were once joined.

【譯文】 互相吻合的海岸線和某些似乎跨越海洋的地質(zhì)特征會使人想到這兩個大陸曾經(jīng)是連在一起的。

【析句】 這個單句的主語是the complementary coastlines and certain geological features，后面跟了一個定語從句(that seem to span the ocean)，從句中that充當?shù)氖侵髡Z。全句的表語名詞reminders跟了一個of短語結(jié)構(gòu)，其中包含一個表示地點的從句。

【講詞】 reminder的意思是“暗示;有提醒作用的人或物”。The museum serves as a reminder of the crimes committed against the people of Nanjing.(紀念館提醒人們不要忘記南京人民所遭受的暴行。)

span作名詞表示“跨度;范圍”，作動詞時意為“橫越”。Richard Carleton, an award-winning journalist whose career in Australian television spanned 40 years, died on Sunday.(理查德·卡爾頓星期天去世，這位多次獲獎的記者曾在澳大利亞的電視機構(gòu)工作了40年。)The Thames is spanned by many bridges. (泰晤士河上架設(shè)了許多橋梁。)

5. If the small hot spots look as expected, that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea, a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory.

【譯文】假如那些小熱點看上去同預計的一致，那就意味著又一科學理論獲得了勝利，這種理論完善了大爆炸論，亦稱宇宙膨脹說。

【析句】本句是一個主從復合句，從句是if引導的條件從句，主句是that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea，a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory是another scientific idea的同位語，其中過去分詞短語(called the inflationary universe theory)是a refinement of the Big Bang的后置定語。

【講詞】refinement意為“提煉，精致，文雅”。A refinement of the Big Bang意思是the refined Big Bang theory,說明這種學說或理論完善了大爆炸論。此外，the inflationary universe theory應翻譯成“宇宙膨脹理論”或“宇宙膨脹說”。

inflationary意為“膨脹的”，其動詞形式是inflate。He was inflated with his success in the exams.(他因在考試中取得好成績而洋洋自得。)對應名詞inflation可以表示“通貨膨脹”。Inflation erodes the purchasing power of the families with lower income.(通貨膨脹使低收入家庭的購買力不斷下降。)

6. Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary particle physics, and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.

【譯文】 宇宙膨脹說雖然聽似奇特，但它是基本粒子物理學中一些公認的理論在科學上看來可信的推論。許多天體物理學家七、八年來一直認為這一論說是正確的。

【析句】 本句是一個主從復合句，Odd though it sounds是個倒裝的條件句，其正常的語序應該是Though it sounds odd。主句是由連詞and 連接的兩個并列分句。應注意代詞it指代cosmic inflation。另外，for the better part of a decade的意思是for more than half of a decade，故翻譯成“七八年”。

【講詞】 plausible意為“似是而非的”，即聽上去奇特，但是卻是有道理的。a plausible excuse(看似有理的借口)。I think that is a plausible conclusion based on what we now know.(我認為根據(jù)我們所了解的情況，這個結(jié)論其實并沒有什么道理可言。)

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