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深諳考點(diǎn)規(guī)律 快速提高考研完形填空
完型填空題占了很高的分?jǐn)?shù)，可是很多考生卻在該題丟掉很多的分?jǐn)?shù)。做了那么多的題目，你發(fā)現(xiàn)完形填空題的考點(diǎn)了嗎？
在發(fā)掘完形填空題的考點(diǎn)規(guī)律之前，考生首先要正確認(rèn)識(shí)以下幾點(diǎn)。
第一，答題時(shí)間可以長(zhǎng)達(dá)15~18分鐘，考生在訓(xùn)練時(shí)可以控制時(shí)間。
第二，一定要用2~3分鐘的時(shí)間進(jìn)行缺詞的情況下的整體閱讀，弄清楚文章大意和基本脈絡(luò)后再逐個(gè)填空。不要只是大致瀏覽，而是一定要理清文章脈絡(luò)。
第三，細(xì)讀首句。完形填空題的首句不設(shè)空，一般是文章的中心句。
第四，答題時(shí)，不要盯著選項(xiàng)看。真正需要考生一一分析選項(xiàng)的考點(diǎn)只有詞匯辨析題。
實(shí)例解讀·
（2011年全國(guó)Ⅰ卷）In our discussion with people on how education can help them succeed in life, a woman remembered the first meeting of an introductory 1 course about 20years ago.
The professor 2 the lecture hall, placed upon his desk a large jar filled with dried beans(豆), and invited the students to 3 how many beans the jar contained. A fret 4 shouts of wildly wrong guesses the professor smiled a thin, dry smile, announced the 5· answer, and went on saying, “You have just 6 an important lesson about science. That is: Never 7 your own senses.”
Twenty years later, the 8 could guess what the professor had in mind. He 9· himself, perhaps, as inviting his students to start an exciting 10 into an unknowns world invisible（無(wú)形的）to the 11 , which can be discovered only through scientific 12 . But the seventeen-year-old girl could not accept or even 13 the invitation. She was just 14 to understand the world .And she 15 that her firsthand experience could be the 16 . The professor, however, said that it was 17 . He was taking away her only 18 for knowing and was providing her with no substitute（替代）. “I remember feeling small and 19 .” The woman says, “and I did the only thing I could do. I 20 the course the afternoon, and I haven’t gone near science since.”
◆上下文 1．A．a(chǎn)rt· B．history C. science· D. math
■詞匯辨析2．A．searched for B. looked at C. got through D. marched into（步入）
◆上下文 3．A．count· B. guess· C. report· D. watch
◆上下文 4．A．warning B. giving· C. turning away D. listening to
▲常識(shí)推理5．A．ready· B. possible C. correct· D. difficult
●固定搭配6．A．1earned B. prepared C. taught· D. taken
◆上下文 7．A．1ose· B. trust· C. sharpen D. taken
◆上下文 8．A．1ecturer· B. scientist C. speaker· D. woman
●固定搭配9．A．described B. respected C. saw· D. served
■詞匯辨析10．A．voyage· B. movement C. change· D. rush
▲常識(shí)推理 11．A. professor B．eye· C．knowledge D．light
■詞匯辨析12．A．model B．senses C．spirit· D．methods
◆上下文 13．A．hear· B. make· C．present· D．refuse
▼邏輯推理 14．A．suggesting B．beginning C．pretending D．waiting
▼邏輯推理 15．A．believed B．doubted C. proved· D．explained
▼邏輯推理 16．A．growth B．strength C．faith D．truth
▼邏輯推理17．A．firm B. interesting C．wrong D．a(chǎn)cceptable
■詞匯辨析18．A．task· B．tool· C．success· D．connection
▼邏輯推理19．A．cruel B．proud· C．frightened D．brave
■詞匯辨析20．A．dropped B．started C．passed· D．missed
注：上述每道題的選項(xiàng)前面的考點(diǎn)分類(lèi)，考生可以在做完題目之后進(jìn)行整理。
考點(diǎn)1·上下文聯(lián)系
從上述例題中可以看出這類(lèi)考點(diǎn)占的比重非常大，而且相對(duì)比較簡(jiǎn)單。這類(lèi)試題的答題必備條件是通讀全文。當(dāng)然也有一些空是不需要通讀全文，只讀個(gè)別句子也能確定答案。
對(duì)策：在通讀全文的基礎(chǔ)上，一一挖掘文章的信息，在關(guān)鍵的信息詞下劃上橫線以備注，這樣考生可以快速獲取信息來(lái)選擇正確答案。
·需通讀全文·
第一空：a woman remembered the first meeting of an introductory 1 course about 20years ago. 我們需要讀到第二段的You have just 6 an important lesson about science才能獲得有用信息——an important lesson about science。此時(shí)考生可以在science下劃線標(biāo)注。直至通讀全文后，從文章的最后一句話——and I haven’t gone near science since（我再也沒(méi)有接觸過(guò)科學(xué)這個(gè)課程）可以百分之百確定第一小題的答案為C選項(xiàng)。并且第一小題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有science在文中出現(xiàn)了。
第七空：You have just 6 an important lesson about science. That is: Never 7 your own senses.你學(xué)到關(guān)于科學(xué)的一個(gè)重要的課程，那就是永遠(yuǎn)不要_____你的感覺(jué)。我們必須在通讀全文的基礎(chǔ)上，才能知道教授告訴他的學(xué)生的道理——不要相信眼睛看到的，不要憑自己的感覺(jué)來(lái)做科學(xué)�？芍鸢笧锽選項(xiàng)。
第八空：Twenty years later, the 8 could guess what the professor had in mind.該小題在通讀文章的過(guò)程中可知guess這個(gè)動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者是woman，正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。
·只讀前后句·
第三空：and invited the students to 3 how many beans the jar contained. 本小題可以從A fret 4 shouts of wildly wrong guesses the professor smiled a thin（聽(tīng)到眾多錯(cuò)誤的猜測(cè)之后，教授勉強(qiáng)地笑了）一句中得到答案為B選項(xiàng)。
第四空：A fret 4 shouts of wildly wrong guesses the professor smiled a thin…，本句可以根據(jù)下文shouts of wildly wrong guesses可知正確選項(xiàng)為D——教授聽(tīng)到了很多錯(cuò)誤的猜測(cè)。此題也可以歸類(lèi)為常識(shí)題，因?yàn)橹荒苁恰奥?tīng)到”聲音。
第十三空：But the seventeen-year-old girl could not accept or even 13 the invitation.可是當(dāng)時(shí)只有17歲的小女孩沒(méi)能接受或者聽(tīng)到那種所謂的邀請(qǐng)。這里的invitation和第十空后的inviting his students to start…呼應(yīng)。且教授的邀請(qǐng)是口頭說(shuō)的，作為一個(gè)聽(tīng)眾，只能是聽(tīng)到教授的邀請(qǐng)。
考點(diǎn)2·上下文邏輯推理
邏輯關(guān)系主要包括因果關(guān)系、列舉關(guān)系、解說(shuō)關(guān)系、分類(lèi)關(guān)系、比較關(guān)系、對(duì)照
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