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考研英語語法重難點(diǎn)精解 代詞

時(shí)間:2021-07-24 13:43:41 考研英語 我要投稿
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考研英語語法重難點(diǎn)精解 代詞

連接代詞

考研英語語法重難點(diǎn)精解 代詞

  連接代詞包括who, whom, whose, what, which, that。其中除what外,其他連接代詞也可作關(guān)系代詞,其區(qū)別在于連接代詞引導(dǎo)的是主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句等名詞性從句,而關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的是定語從句。

  (一)引導(dǎo)主語從句

  例句: That the sun and not the earth is the center of our planetary system was a difficult concept to grasp in the Middle Ages.

  分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,that the sun and not the earth is the center of our planetary system在句中充當(dāng)主語。

  譯文: 太陽是我們行星系的中心(而不是地球)這一概念在中世紀(jì)是很難讓人明白的。

  例句: It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience;but this effect is not a part of its original motive. (2009年第46題)

  分析: 該句是由轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but連接的并列句,其中第一個(gè)分句中it作形式主語,真正的主語是that the measure of the worth...,of any social institution是worth的后置定語,in enlarging and improving experience是its effect的后置定語。

  譯文: 或許可以說,要衡量任何一種社會(huì)制度的價(jià)值就要看它在豐富和提升人們經(jīng)驗(yàn)方面的影響,但是這種影響并不是其最初動(dòng)機(jī)的一部分。

  (二)引導(dǎo)賓語從句

  例句: He adds humbly that perhaps he was“superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully”. (2008年第49題)

  分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句結(jié)構(gòu)是he was superior to..., 其中包含了由which引導(dǎo)的定語從句,in noticing things與in observing them carefully是并列結(jié)構(gòu)。

  譯文: 他又自謙地說,或許自己“在注意到容易被忽略的事物,并對(duì)其加以仔細(xì)觀察方面優(yōu)于常人”。

  例句: I apologize if I had offended you, but I assure you it was unintentional. (1998年第3題)

  分析: 該句是并列復(fù)合句,其中短語assure sb. that...意為“向某人保證某事”。

  譯文: 如果我冒犯了你,我向你道歉,但我保證那不是故意的。

  (三)引導(dǎo)表語從句

  例句:One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. (選自2011年Text 1)

  分析:該句是復(fù)合句。其中,why the appointment came as such a surprise是一個(gè)定語從句,修飾reasons,however作插入語,介詞短語as such a surprise作狀語,修飾came;主句的主干部分是One of the reasons is that Gilbert is comparatively little known。

  譯文: 然而,該任命顯得如此突然的原因之一就是吉爾伯特比較不為人知。

  例句: The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. (選自2006年Text3)

  分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,that people have failed to...changes是一個(gè)表語從句,which have happened in the ocean作changes的.定語,because后引導(dǎo)一個(gè)原因狀語從句。

  譯文: 這個(gè)概念是說人們沒有注意到發(fā)生在海洋里的巨大變化,因?yàn)槿藗冎皇腔仡櫫诉^去很短一段時(shí)間。

  (四)同位語從句(通常由that引導(dǎo),也可由whether,what,when,where,why,how引導(dǎo),進(jìn)一步說明其前名詞的具體內(nèi)容和含義)

  例句:Allen?s contribution was to take an assumption we all share—that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts—and reveal its erroneous nature. (2011年第46題)

  分析:該句是復(fù)合句,主干部分是Allen?s contribution was to take an assumption and reveal its erroneous nature。其中we all share是一個(gè)定語從句,修飾assumption;that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts是一個(gè)同位語從句,與assumption為同位語關(guān)系。

  譯文:愛倫的貢獻(xiàn)在于他提出了一個(gè)公認(rèn)的假設(shè)并揭示了其錯(cuò)誤本質(zhì),即“我們不是機(jī)器人,因此我們能控制自己的思想”。

  例句: But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the new media. (2007年第48題)

  分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,其中主干結(jié)構(gòu)為the idea...rests on an understanding..., that the journalist must...an ordinary citizen是the idea的同位語從句。

  譯文: 新聞?dòng)浾邞?yīng)該比普通公民更加透徹地了解法律,但這種看法是基于他們對(duì)新聞媒體業(yè)已確立的規(guī)約和特殊責(zé)任的理解。

  (五)whatever, who(m)ever, whichever

  連接代詞what+ever指不定數(shù)目中無論什么,用于物;who(m)+ever指不定數(shù)目中無淪是誰,用于人;which+ever指確定數(shù)目中無論哪一個(gè),用于人或物。

  例句: Now that you have developed a topic into a tentative thesis, you can assemble your notes and begin to flesh out whatever outline you have made. (選自2008年P(guān)art B)

  分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,主干部分是you can assemble your notes and begin to flesh out..., whatever outline you have made作flesh out(使充實(shí)、具體化)的賓語,從句中develop...into意思是“發(fā)展成;變成”。前半部分是now that引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。

  譯文: 既然你已經(jīng)將一個(gè)主題拓展成了一個(gè)初步的論題,那么你就可以整合筆記內(nèi)容,豐富自己擬定的提綱。

  例句: Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the“great game”of espionage—spying as a“profession”. (選自2003年Text 1)

  分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,whatever tools came to...作using的賓語,破折號(hào)后的內(nèi)容是對(duì)espionage的解釋說明。

  譯文: 多諾萬認(rèn)為在職業(yè)間諜活動(dòng)這一“偉大事業(yè)”中可以利用任何有用的工具。

考研頻道。

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