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考研英語之被動語態(tài)翻譯法

時間:2021-07-17 17:31:30 考研英語 我要投稿

2013考研英語之被動語態(tài)翻譯法

1) 變?yōu)闈h語的主動形式。

  Eg:

2013考研英語之被動語態(tài)翻譯法

  It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.這種說法從一開始就將討論引向兩個極端,它使人們認(rèn)為應(yīng)該這樣對待動物:要么像對待人類自身一樣關(guān)切體諒,要么完全冷漠無情。

  2) 譯成具有被動意義的漢語結(jié)構(gòu)。

  Eg:

  For all the help this computer may provide, it should not be seen as a substitute for fundamental thinking and reasoning skills.盡管計算機可以提供那么多的幫助,它卻不應(yīng)該被看作是基本的思維和推理技巧的替代物。

  Eg:

  How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.這些預(yù)測將在多大程度上為后來的表現(xiàn)所證實取決于所用信息的數(shù)量、可靠程度、適宜程度以及用來解釋這些信息的技巧與才智。

  3) 增添“人們”、“大家”等適當(dāng)?shù)脑~做漢語譯文的'主語。

  Eg:

  And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.許多人認(rèn)為普通人的思維活動根本無法和科學(xué)家的思維過程想比較,他們并認(rèn)為這些思維過程必須經(jīng)過某中專門訓(xùn)練才能掌握。

  Eg:

  During this transfer, traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.在這種轉(zhuǎn)變中,歷史學(xué)家研究歷史時,那些解釋新史料的新方法充實了傳統(tǒng)的歷史研究方法。

  分譯法

  英語長句子比較多,漢語句子相對而言比較短。在翻譯時可以改變原文結(jié)構(gòu),把原文的某個成分從原來的結(jié)構(gòu)中分離出來,譯成一個獨立成分、從句或并列分句。

  Eg: It has been rightly stated that this situation is a threat to international security.這個局勢對國際安全是個威脅,這樣的說法是完全正確的。

  合譯法

  和分譯法不同,合譯法是將不同的句子成分組合在一起,使其更符合漢語的表達(dá)方法。Eg:

  Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.他們說科學(xué)的發(fā)展與其說源于天才偉人的真知灼識,不如說源于改進了的技術(shù)和工具等等更為普遍的東西。(將英語的一個句子結(jié)構(gòu)翻譯成一個詞組)

  Eg:

  When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind’s instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.這種反應(yīng)并不錯,這是人類用道德觀念進行推理的本能在起作用。這種本能應(yīng)得到鼓勵,而不是遭到嘲笑。(When that happens, it is not a mistake原來是兩個句子,現(xiàn)在組合成一個簡潔的漢語句子。)

  順序調(diào)整法

  一般來說,翻譯時應(yīng)該按照句子原來的順序進行,但由于英漢兩種語言中定語、狀語和一些其他成分的位置不完全相同,翻譯時需要做一定的調(diào)整(例如采用倒譯法),使其更符合漢語的習(xí)慣。

  Eg:

  The true measure of the danger is represented by the hazards we will encounter if we enter the new age of technology without first evaluating our responsibility to environment.如果我們進入了技術(shù)新時代而不首先估價我們對環(huán)境所負(fù)的責(zé)任,我們將遇到公害,這些公害將表明危險真正達(dá)到了什么程度。

  Eg:

  That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central to this theory.這種理論的核心是,我們的環(huán)境同我們的才能、性格特征和行為即使有什么關(guān)系的話,也是微不足道的。(原來的謂語,在譯文中變成了在前的主語。)

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