Computer
教學(xué)目標(biāo)
Teaching aims and demands
本單元有關(guān)電腦的知識(shí)使用學(xué)生對(duì)其有一個(gè)初步的了解。讓學(xué)生了解有關(guān)中國(guó)民航運(yùn)用計(jì)算機(jī)的情況。并學(xué)習(xí)如何使用向?qū)Ψ教峤ㄗh的口語練習(xí)，通過單詞的學(xué)習(xí)掌握go up, bring down, prefer to and, but although等詞的用法。本單元的語法重點(diǎn)是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的使用，要求學(xué)生能夠了解和掌握。
Teaching important and difficult points
1.Important Vocabulary:
although, waste, believe, necessary, passenger, record, at one time, greatly, correct, complete, decision, abroad, change for
2. Daily Expressions:
First of all, …
I believe…
Any reason?
3. Useful phrases:
It would be a waste of …
In my opinion, we should …
4. Grammar
The present perfect passive voice.
教學(xué)建議
1. 通過對(duì)話練習(xí)，進(jìn)行兩個(gè)人之間對(duì)建議和推薦的用法。
2. 通過課文的學(xué)習(xí)，掌握本單元的詞和詞組的用法。
3. 通過對(duì)課外補(bǔ)充文章的學(xué)習(xí)，對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)的歷史和應(yīng)用有所了解。
Lesson 33: 口頭練習(xí)：對(duì)話交際功能——日常生活用語。
Lesson 34: 學(xué)生進(jìn)行對(duì)文章編成對(duì)話練習(xí)。練習(xí)直接引語變間接引語。
Lesson 35: 學(xué)生繼續(xù)練習(xí)對(duì)話。可以扮演CAAC的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和記者，或計(jì)算機(jī)經(jīng)銷商和單位領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，或電視節(jié)目主持人和中學(xué)生等等。
Lesson 36: 筆頭練習(xí)：讓學(xué)生寫一篇關(guān)于自己生活中計(jì)算機(jī)的使用的文章，或?qū)τ?jì)算機(jī)在人們生活中應(yīng)用的暢想。
教材分析
本單元的對(duì)話的特點(diǎn)是通過兩個(gè)人對(duì)買何種計(jì)算機(jī)的討論，從而掌握如何進(jìn)行對(duì)一個(gè)物品進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)、表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)，并提出建議。比如常見的口語用法：In my opinion, we should… / What’s your opinion?/ I don’t think it’s necessary to …/ I believe …/ I still think … 就在這個(gè)對(duì)話中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)。同時(shí)還有很多其它有用的口語，比如：First of all…/ in a few years’ time/ a waste of …/ make a decision/ not … any more
本單元的課文不僅講述了計(jì)算機(jī)的應(yīng)用對(duì)CAAC的幫助，而且中間穿插了很多現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法，使得學(xué)生能夠正確地掌握這個(gè)語法的用法。同時(shí)對(duì)一些常見詞和短語進(jìn)行理解。比如：join, be used to do, thanks to, abroad, spend… on sth., prefer to do, welcome.
重點(diǎn)知識(shí)講解
1. Today they are talking about buying a new computer. 今天他們談?wù)撡I一個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)。
這里的talk about的意思是“談?wù)摚徽劶暗�；討論”，后面通常加上名詞或動(dòng)名詞。
We talked about it yesterday.
I want to talk about the price of the car with you.
2. Did you find out the price for the IBM PC 486? 你找出IBM PC 486的價(jià)格了么？
這里的詞組find out和find都是表示“找出”，都是一個(gè)結(jié)果。但是兩種也有區(qū)別：如果表示意外發(fā)現(xiàn)，通常用find。比如：
I found this wallet outside the classroom.
What did you find just now?
如果要表示經(jīng)過一番努力或研究得出的結(jié)果的時(shí)候，find和find out都可以，但通常用后者。比如：
I finally found out the secret of his death.
She wanted to find out the real answer to the question.
3. I’ve got the information for all the computers now. 我已經(jīng)得到了所有計(jì)算機(jī)的信息了。
這里的information同news一樣是一個(gè)不可數(shù)名詞。后面通常加上for或about，前面通常加上一些修飾不可數(shù)名詞的形容詞。比如：
Do you have any information about the new machine.
4. In my opinion, we should buy the IBM PC 586. 依我看來，我們應(yīng)該買IBM PC 586。
這里的in one’s opinion表示的意思是“依…來看；…的意見是”。需要注意兩點(diǎn)：1）后面不加I/he…think(s)。不像中文里可以說“依我看來，我覺得…”。在英語中這兩種用法不同時(shí)出現(xiàn)。比如：
In my opinion, you are the best student. 不能說成 In my opinion, I think you are the best student.
2)后面不加客觀事實(shí)。因?yàn)檫@里應(yīng)是一個(gè)推斷或主觀的意見，比如：
In my opinion, the earth is round. (錯(cuò)誤句子)。
In my opinion, you are right. (正確句子)
5. If we buy the smaller one, the IBM PC 486, we might have to change it in a few years’ time for a bigger one. 如果我們現(xiàn)在要是買了the IBM PC 486，幾年以后我們肯定要換一個(gè)更大的計(jì)算機(jī)。
這里的詞組change… for…表示的意思是“將…換成…”。比如：
I want to change this small hat for a bigger one.
6. I hope we can make a decision today. 我希望我們今天能做出決定。
這里的詞組是make a decision(做出決定)。等于decide to do。比如：
Did they make a decision yesterday?
另外也可以用come to a decision, arrive at a decision來表示同樣的意思。比如：
They finally came to a decision at the meeting.
7. It is used to record the tickets which passengers buy. 它還記錄下游客購票的情況。
句子中的be used to的意思是“被用來…”，是一個(gè)被動(dòng)語態(tài)，后面加上動(dòng)詞原型。
The water her is used to make the trees alive.
Computers are used here to play games on.
8. Now it is possible to find out much faster which planes are full. 現(xiàn)在要找到哪架飛機(jī)滿了比以前要快多了。
這里用了一個(gè)much表示一個(gè)程度。通常在much, even和still后面加上一個(gè)形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)形式。比如：
I am much heavier than before.
She is much happier than she was two years ago.
9. Thanks to the new computer, the passengers at the offices of the CAAC can now buy their aeroplane tickets much faster. 由于使用了新的計(jì)算機(jī)，乘客在中國(guó)民航購票快多了。
句子中的thanks to是一個(gè)常見的短語，表示“由于；幸虧”，相當(dāng)于because of, 或者as a result of表示原因。比如：
Thanks to your help, I was able to win the game.
They lost the game thanks to the foolish advice you gave them.
10. At one time, there were long queues of people waiting outside the CAAC offices. 以前，中國(guó)民航辦公室前等著購票的人們排成長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的隊(duì)列。
詞組at one time表示的意思是“以前；曾經(jīng)”。比如：
At one time we met each other every day.
He went to that restaurant to have dinner at one time.
11. These people will be welcome on our planes. 我們歡迎這些人來乘坐我們的飛機(jī)。
這里的welcome在這句話中是一個(gè)形容詞，表示的意思是“受歡迎的”，后面常加的是不定式。比如：
You are welcome to do anything you like.
Welcome to Beijing.
welcome這個(gè)詞也可以是名詞。比如：
They received a cold welcome when they arrived.
同樣welcome也可以作為一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，但后面不加不定式，而且過去式和過去分詞都是welcomed。比如：
All the students welcomed the visiting friends at the school gate.
12. In my opinion, we should buy the IBM PC 586. 依我看來，我們應(yīng)該買IBM PC 586。
這里的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should表示的意思是“應(yīng)該”，通常用在表示建議的句子中。比如：
I should go home before 6 o’clock.
You should not ask others to do your homework.
13. If we buy the smaller one, the IBM PC 486, we might have to change it in a few years’ time for a bigger one. 如果我們現(xiàn)在要是買了IBM PC 486，幾年以后我們肯定要換一個(gè)更大的計(jì)算機(jī)。
這里的if是一個(gè)條件句。后面出現(xiàn)的兩個(gè)逗號(hào)之間的東西從位置上說是一個(gè)插入語，從成份上來說是一個(gè)同位語，是對(duì)前面的名詞the smaller one進(jìn)行解釋。我們通常用一個(gè)名詞性短語或從句來作為同位語
14. I don’t think I it’s necessary to buy the bigger one.我想沒必要買較大的那個(gè)。
我們通常在think, suppose, expect, imagine等表示心理活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞后面不加否定含義的賓語從句。如果后面的從句使一個(gè)否定句，我們常常將從句謂語動(dòng)詞的否定是轉(zhuǎn)移到主句的謂語動(dòng)詞之前。比如：
I don’t think I can get away at the moment.
I don’t suppose you need to worry.
I don’t think I know you.
15. The IBM PC 486 will be big enough for us. IBM PC 486對(duì)我們來說就夠大的了。
句子中的enough可以是形容詞，也可以是副詞。通常我們將enough放在名詞前面或形容詞或副詞的后面。而且通常在后面再加上不定式。比如：
I don’t have enough money to buy a house.
I am not rich enough to buy a house.
16. We mustn’t waste any more time. 我們不可以在浪費(fèi)更多的時(shí)間了。
這里的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞mustn’t表示的不是“必須不”而是“不可以；不允許”。通常用在命令的句子中。比如：
You mustn’t talk in class. It is not a good habit.
We mustn’t go there because it is dangerous.
17. We must decide which one to buy. 我們必須決定買哪一個(gè)。
這里的which one to buy為特殊不定式短語，在句子中做decide的賓語。特殊不定式的構(gòu)成形式為“關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞+動(dòng)詞不定式”。常用的關(guān)系代詞有：what, which, who, whether等；常用的關(guān)系副詞有how, when, where, why等。比如：
We haven’t decided what to do next.
I don’t know how to write in English.
I will ask when to start tomorrow morning.
She will ask where to live.
18. At one time, there were long queues of people waiting outside the CAAC offices. 以前，中國(guó)民航辦公室前等著購票的人們排成長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的隊(duì)列。
這里的waiting是一個(gè)現(xiàn)在分詞，在句子中做people的定語，放在名詞后，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。比如：
The foreigner talking with our teacher is head of the visiting group.
The man running after the bus is a friend of mine.
19. As a result, the number of people who travel by plane in China is larger than ever before. 因此，在中國(guó)乘飛機(jī)旅行的人數(shù)比以往多了。
這句話中的as a result的作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)副詞，意思相當(dāng)于so。比如：
He hurt himself. As a result, he couldn’t go to school.
這句話中的the number of 的中心詞是number，說明謂語動(dòng)詞肯定是單數(shù)的。比如：
The number of the books in this bookshop is more than 200,000.
20. 我們?cè)诤芏嗑渥又卸加靡粋�(gè)代詞來代替前面提到的名詞，常見的有one, it和that。這三個(gè)詞都是代詞的時(shí)候的區(qū)別：
1, one=a/an +noun 所代表的是前面提到的同類中的任何一個(gè)
He has no book and no money to buy one.
The hat is too small. Please show me a larger one.
2, it=the/this/that/adj.+ noun 指同一件事物
He has a book, but he will not lend it to me.
I drank some iced water, but it made me more thirsty.
3, that =the + noun 指前面所提到的同一類中的另外制定的一個(gè).
The air of the country is purer than that of the city.
比較下面三句話：
I cannot find my umbrella; I think I must buy one.
I cannot find umbrella; I don’t know where I put it.
The umbrella you bought is cheaper than that I bought.
教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)方案Lesson 33
一、Teaching Aims
1. Help Ss understand the general ideas and some details in the dialogue
2. Practice in pairs on making a new dialogue about something they are about to buy
3. Teach them how to use some of the words and expressions in the dialogue
二、Teaching procedures
Step I Warming Up
1. Give a student 5 minutes to have his/her own free talk about anything he/she enjoys
2. Encourage Ss to ask the student questions about his/her free talk
3. Ask Ss how many of them have got a computer at home
4. Ask those who have computers what kind of computers they are using
5. Write down “486, 586, desktop, laptop, PC, Mac, Gameboy” on the blackboard
Step II Listening
1. Play tape of Lesson 33 twice and ask them to listen to the tape without looking at their books
2. Give Ss question before they listen and ask them to try to understand the dialogue with those questions
1) How many people are there in the dialogue?
2) What are they talking about?
3) Do they finally agree with each other?
3. Ask three students to answer the questions above
Step III Reading
1. Ask Ss one by one questions about the dialogue:
1) What did Jenny probably ask Mei Ge to do before they have the dialogue? (to find out the price for the IBM PC 486)
2) What does Jenny prefer to buy, PC 486 or PC 586? Why? (see book for the answer)
3) Why does Mei Ge want to buy the smaller one?
4) Why can’t they waste any more time? (price may go up and the factory needs the computers badly)
5) What is their final decision? (not mentioned)
2. Ask the next student to correct the mistakes if any
3. Give Ss one minute or two to go over the dialogue again and then ask one of the students to be Jenny and tell the others what has happened in the dialogue
One possible answer:
I am Jenny and I am working with Mei Ge in a factory. Our factory planned to buy a new computer so Mei Ge and I talked about buying a new computer. I asked Mei Ge to find out the price of the IBM PC 486 but I want to buy the IBM PC 586 because it is better and bigger. What’s more, we will change the 486 for 586 in a few years’ time. But Mei Ge still prefers the smaller one because he thinks it is a waste of money to buy a very good one. He believes PC 486 is good enough. We will meet again to make a decision the next day.
4. Ask another student to be Mei Ge and tell the others what has happened
Step IV Teaching
1. Teaching Ss the use of different words and expressions
2. Ask Ss to repeat the sentences which the teacher gives and after that ask them to make some new sentences with the words and expressions
Step V Practice
1. Ask students to use the words and expressions to make a new dialogue
2. Ask other students to find out the mistakes
Step VI Summary
Ask one of the Ss to tell other Ss what they have learned and write them down on the blackboard
Step VII Homework
1. Ask Ss to be the manager of the factory and make up a new dialogue
One possible answer:
M (Manager): Jenny, would you please come to my office? I need to talk to you.
J (Jenny): OK. What can I do for you?
M: Our factory is becoming better and better and now we need a new computer because our computer is too old. I want you and Mei Ge to buy a new computer for our factory.
J: Yes. What kind of computers you want us to buy?
M: I don’t know much about it. You and Mei Ge can ask for the price first.
J: OK. We will check the price first. But I think we should buy a PC 586, which is very new now.
M: Ask Mei Ge to check the price first. Tell me the decision next week.
J: All right. We will do that.
2. Make good preparation for the next lesson
教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)方案Lesson 34
一、Teaching Aims
1. Get some general ideas on how computers help CAAC
2. Learn some useful words and expressions
3. Be able to use the new words and expressions to make new passage
二、Teaching Procedure
Step I Warming up
1. Ask those Ss who have computers at home what they use computers for
2. Write those purposes down on the blackboard “Games, Word Processing, Programming, Internet, Chat, Drawing, Watching Movies, Making Flash Movies…”
3. Ask Ss questions before they get to the text
1) What can computers do for CAAC?
2) How do the computers sell the tickets?
Step II Listening
Listen to the tape for Lesson 34 once
Step III Reading
1. Ask Ss to read the text
2. Answer the following questions without looking at the book
1)What is the computer used for in the CAAC?
2)What did people usually do when they wanted to buy a ticket before the use of computers?
3)How many the CAAC offices are there in the world?
4)Why do more people in China like to travel by plane?
5)Why do the people in the CAAC want to buy more computers?
3. Ask the next student to correct the mistakes if any
Step IV Discussion
1. Ask Ss to work in a group of four to discuss that whether computers are useful in our daily study of English
2. Ask each group to present their idea and opinions
Step V Language Points
1. Write down the useful expressions and ask Ss to explain and repeat the sentences teachers have given them
2. Ask Ss to make a short passage by using the words and expressions they have learned One possible answer:
In my opinion, studying abroad is very good for those students who want to improve their language, because if they make a decision to go abroad to study, their English will be greatly improved. They also can correct their pronouncing mistakes. At one time, there was no chance for Chinese people to go to other countries. But now we can be a passenger on the plane to other country. We believe it is necessary to change our life for a better one.
3. First, ask Ss to repeat the above passage
4. Ask them to make a new one by using at least 3 of the new words and expressions they have learned
Step VI Homework
Ask Ss to write their new passage and hand in next time
探究活動(dòng)
Discuss the questions:
1．What kind of machine is the computer? (wonderful)
2．What kind of invention is it? (important)
3．Why is there a lot of information in the computer?
(have a memory, store, take out)
4．What kind of work can they do? (people can do)
5．What do the students need to learn? (how to use the computer)
Computer