Unit 18 Seeing the doctor

教學(xué)建議

教學(xué)內(nèi)容分析

本單元圍繞“生病”和“就醫(yī)”這一主線展開(kāi)教學(xué)。整個(gè)單元安排了兩個(gè)對(duì)話和兩篇小短文。使學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)第67課的基礎(chǔ)上繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)有關(guān)“生病”和“看病”的日常用語(yǔ)。同時(shí)也啟發(fā)人們思考和探討飲食、休息、鍛煉及適當(dāng)參加一些體力勞動(dòng)與健康之間的關(guān)系。本單元的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目是have to和must之間在用法上的一些區(qū)別及系動(dòng)詞的用法。

第69課第一部分是Jill和Mum的一段小對(duì)話，從而引出第二部分Jill和醫(yī)生的一段對(duì)話，從中介紹了許多有關(guān)的交際用語(yǔ)。第三部分是一個(gè)說(shuō)與寫(xiě)的訓(xùn)練。旨在鞏固以上所學(xué)內(nèi)容，同時(shí)引出本單元的語(yǔ)法重點(diǎn)have to的用法。

第70課介紹了一篇做夢(mèng)與心理健康的文章。它符合學(xué)生的心理和年齡特征，容易引起他們閱讀的興趣。讀后可讓學(xué)生做文前的兩個(gè)討論題，加深他們對(duì)課文內(nèi)容的理解，同時(shí)提高他們口頭運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言的能力。

第71課第一部分的對(duì)話旨在復(fù)習(xí) have to的基礎(chǔ)上引出它的否定形式和與must在用法上的區(qū)別。第二部分是介紹有關(guān)系動(dòng)詞taste，look，seem，feel，be的用法。

第72課的第二部分是組句訓(xùn)練，主要是用于鞏固第對(duì)課第二部分中所學(xué)的幾個(gè)系動(dòng)詞。第三部分安排了一段頗有幽默感的病人和醫(yī)生的對(duì)話，提醒大家注意飲食與健康的關(guān)系。第四部分的寫(xiě)作訓(xùn)練主要讓學(xué)生運(yùn)用已學(xué)過(guò)的有關(guān)看病就醫(yī)的日常用語(yǔ)。

重難點(diǎn)及疑點(diǎn)分析

（－）重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)

A．單詞及短語(yǔ)

trouble, cough, terrible, wake, asleep, plant, difficult, rich, angry, look over, fat, thin

asleep是形容詞，意思是“睡著的”。表示“睡得很熟”用fast asleep或sound asleep，不用very asleep。asleep通常作表語(yǔ)，不作前置定語(yǔ)。

B．句子

1.Take this medicine three times a day.

2. Have a good rest and drink more water.

3. Last night, as soon as I fell asleep I dreamt that I went to the garden.

as soon as譯為“－……就……”，常用來(lái)引導(dǎo)、個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，其將來(lái)時(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來(lái)表示，主句用將來(lái)時(shí)。例如：

I will write to you as soon as I arrive in Beijing.

4. There s nothing much wrong with you.

5. I mean you eat too much food, and you don’t take enough exercise, too much后面跟不可數(shù)名詞。too many后面跟可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。much too后面跟形容詞或副詞，如too much time, too many books, much too clear, much too fast等。exercise在這里是“鍛煉”的意思，是不可數(shù)名詞，但具體指某一種“鍛煉”用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如morning exercises，eye exercises。

6. No problem, doctor.

7. Do you remember your worst dream?

C．語(yǔ)法

1．情態(tài)動(dòng)詞have to的用法。

2．系動(dòng)詞的用法。

（二）疑點(diǎn)

A．單詞及短語(yǔ)

smell, instead, stop. . . from doing…

1. smell是知覺(jué)性動(dòng)詞，相當(dāng)于系動(dòng)詞，后面用形容詞作表語(yǔ)。如：

This food smells good．

2. instead作副詞，是“代替”、“頂替”的意思。如：

Mr. Wang is ill, I will take his class instead．

instead of為介詞短語(yǔ)，它后面可跟名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或形容詞等。如：

(1)I will clean the window instead of him.

(2)We will skate instead of playing football.

3. stop… from …意為“阻止（防止）……做某事”。如：

The heavy rain stopped them from going to school.

B．句子

1. She didn't feel like eating anything.

此句中的fee like相當(dāng)于would like或want。feel like doing sth. =would like/want to do sth.

2. I had to sit down and rest every five minutes．

every five minutes指的是每5分鐘。如：

He comes to see us every three days．

3. Let me take your temperature.

Let sb. do sth. 是一個(gè)固定的用法。

C．語(yǔ)法

1．have to與must的區(qū)別

（l）must表示主觀，have to表示客觀。

We must help each other.

My sister is ill, my mother has to look after her.

（2）inns一般表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)，而have to有多種時(shí)態(tài)。

2．系動(dòng)詞除了我們常用的be以外，還有become, turn, smell, taste, seem, sound, feel, look, go等。

口語(yǔ)訓(xùn)練

本單元的口語(yǔ)訓(xùn)練主要涉及“看病就醫(yī)”的一些表達(dá)方法。學(xué)生第一次接觸到這方面的內(nèi)容，可能有一些難度。教師可先讓學(xué)生聽(tīng)第69課第一部分的錄音，聽(tīng)懂關(guān)鍵性的句子和短語(yǔ)。What’s the trouble? have a headache and a cough, take sb. to see a doctor，接著做第二部分的Puzzle dialogue，然后組織學(xué)生兩人一組進(jìn)行對(duì)話訓(xùn)練。在此基礎(chǔ)上師生共同討論對(duì)已學(xué)過(guò)的“看病就醫(yī)”的表達(dá)法進(jìn)行歸納。如：What’s the matter with you? /What’s wrong (with you)? /What’s the trouble (with you)? /feel like doing sth./have(get)a pain in/I don’t feel very well (any better) now./have a headache( cold/cough) /nothing serious/take one’s temperature/take sb. to see a doctor/take this medicine two( three/four) times a day/have a good rest/drink more water，最后學(xué)生分組編制生病或看病就醫(yī)的對(duì)話。場(chǎng)景的設(shè)置可以在家中、醫(yī)院或?qū)W校。教師可以根據(jù)實(shí)際情況叫幾組學(xué)生在全班同學(xué)面前表演。

老師可以布置學(xué)生參考練習(xí)冊(cè)第69課練習(xí)3，以學(xué)生自己的名義給班主任老師或英語(yǔ)老師寫(xiě)張請(qǐng)假條。

有關(guān)“看病就醫(yī)”話題的教學(xué)

本單元的主要交際項(xiàng)目是看病，所有教學(xué)活動(dòng)都應(yīng)圍繞這一主題展開(kāi)。建議教師設(shè)計(jì)多種情景，使學(xué)生在做中學(xué)，在實(shí)踐中掌握。

（1）設(shè)置看病的情景進(jìn)行表演

情景：Lin Lin was ill, she called her teacher to ask for a leave.

對(duì)話：

Mr. Li: Hello.

Lin Lin: Hello, it is Lin Lin here. Is that Mr. Li? 

Mr. Li: Yes, what’s the matter with you?

Lin Lin: I have a cold and a terrible headache.

Mr. Li: Did you take any medicine?

Lin Lin: Yes, my mother took me to the hospital last night. The doctor said it is not serious. But he thought I had better have a two-day’s rest.

Mr. Li: Well, that doesn’t matter. I hope you’ll feel better soon.

Lin Lin: Thank you very much.

此對(duì)話可在課堂上組織學(xué)生進(jìn)行表演。

Name:     Age:   Sex: 

Symptom（癥狀）:

Reason:（原因）

Advice: （建議）

（2）學(xué)生可以根據(jù)此表的格式寫(xiě)一張醫(yī)生診斷證明

（3）教師可以組織學(xué)生建立一個(gè)臨時(shí)診所，一個(gè)學(xué)生準(zhǔn)備一個(gè)聽(tīng)疹器，一頂白帽子和一張桌子，扮演成醫(yī)生，其他幾個(gè)同學(xué)辦成不同癥狀的病人，進(jìn)行對(duì)話表演。

閱讀訓(xùn)練教學(xué)

本單元安排了兩篇極富幽默感的閱讀文章，單詞較多。建議教師重點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練學(xué)生猜詞，判斷大意的能力。教師可在閱讀文章之前，設(shè)計(jì)部分重點(diǎn)詞匯練習(xí)，讓學(xué)生猜出括號(hào)中單詞大意。如下：

1.Every morning My mother always（wakes me up）and I have to get up on time.

2.The students are tired and（as soon as）school is over, they go home at once.

3. I have worked for a day, I am very（tired）and I don’t want to do it any more.

4.My father always takes （morning exercises）every morning. So he can keep good health.

第70課講述的是一個(gè)叫Roy的男孩由于老做夢(mèng)而去看醫(yī)生的故事。做夢(mèng)是每個(gè)人都經(jīng)歷過(guò)的事情，特別是10多歲的孩子，正處于多夢(mèng)時(shí)期。課文從討論做夢(mèng)入手，容易引起學(xué)生的興趣，而像Roy那樣夢(mèng)中總是于累人活兒的學(xué)生也有不少。

在閱讀開(kāi)始之前，老師可以提幾個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的問(wèn)題，如：Do you often dream？What do you usually do when you dream? /Would you like to know something about Roy’s dream?學(xué)生對(duì)閱讀的興趣，增強(qiáng)他們急于了解課文內(nèi)容的迫切心情。同時(shí)為了減少學(xué)生閱讀的難度，可以先列出一些估計(jì)學(xué)生比較難于理解的詞匯、短語(yǔ)或句子。如：as soon as, be busy doing sth., terrible storm, stop the ship from going down .sleeping pills, be awake, fall asleep, relax, Don't they work? light music等。閱讀完以后讓學(xué)生做練習(xí)冊(cè)中第70課的練習(xí)一，看看他們是否已經(jīng)理解了課文的內(nèi)容。

第72課的閱讀短文講的是一個(gè)胖女士請(qǐng)醫(yī)生看病的故事。在組織學(xué)生閱讀前老師首先問(wèn)學(xué)生第一個(gè)問(wèn)題：Is the woman fat or thin？然后問(wèn)第二個(gè)問(wèn)題：Why did the woman go to see the doctor？讓學(xué)生圍繞這些問(wèn)題去閱讀。等學(xué)生閱讀完以后，老師可以用一些最簡(jiǎn)單的一般問(wèn)句問(wèn)學(xué)生，例如：Is the woman feeling very well？／Did the woman have to sit down and rest every five minutes when she worked yesterday？等。然后讓學(xué)生聽(tīng)錄音，加深印象。最后，教師可以讓學(xué)生做課文改寫(xiě)以后的填空練習(xí)。這樣能使閱讀、聽(tīng)力、書(shū)面訓(xùn)練有機(jī)地結(jié)合在一起，使教學(xué)效果更趨于完美。

語(yǔ)法教學(xué)

1．情態(tài)動(dòng)詞have to

（l）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞have to和must在意義上基本相同，在很多情況下二者可以互換使用。但must是強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)話人的主觀看法，而have to強(qiáng)調(diào)的是客觀需要。從形式上看must適用于所有的人稱(chēng)，沒(méi)有時(shí)態(tài)的變化；而have to有第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)has to，還有時(shí)態(tài)的變化：had to（過(guò)去時(shí)），will have to（一般現(xiàn)在將來(lái)時(shí)）等。例如：

①There must be some students in the classroom now.

②We must learn English well.

③He must stay at home and look after his brother.

④There is no bus, we have to go to school on foot.

⑤Lucy’s mother is ill in hospital, she has to look after her.

⑥She couldn’t find her pen, she had to buy a new one.

⑦The students will have to know how to use the computers．

（2）含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞have to的各種句型

①陳述句

I/We/You/They have to/had to. . . .

take this medicine three times a day

clean the classroom once a day

②主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)

She/He has to/had to. . . .

take more exercise

drink more water

③疑問(wèn)句（借助助動(dòng)詞do/does/did／will等）

Do I have to. . .? Yes, you do./No,you don't.

Does she/he have to. . . ? Yes, she/he does. /No. she/he doesn t.

Did she/he have to. . .? Yes, she/he did./No, she/he didn't.

④特殊疑問(wèn)句

What do they have to do now?

What does he/she have to say at the meeting?

Why did he/she have to see a doctor?

Which book do we have to read?

教師可通過(guò)兩人一組的形式操練有關(guān)內(nèi)容，最后叫幾個(gè)小組到教室前面表演。

2．系動(dòng)詞

系動(dòng)詞本身有一定的詞義，但不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)，必須和后面的由名詞（短語(yǔ)）、形容詞（短語(yǔ)）副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成的表語(yǔ)一起使用。最常用的系動(dòng)詞是be，另外還有l(wèi)ook，become，get，seem，turn，grow，take，feel，soled，small籌。如：

(1) Twins usually look the same.

(2) The teacher became angry.

(3) His uncle is an English teacher.

(4) They look very happy/sad.

(5) This kind of apple tastes sweet.

(6) After he left school, he became a doctor.

(7) This food smells good.

(8) His face goes red.

教師可結(jié)合第71課練習(xí)冊(cè)中的練習(xí)2，適當(dāng)給出一些書(shū)面練習(xí)，讓學(xué)生在課后進(jìn)行操練。

寫(xiě)作建議

教師可以讓學(xué)生寫(xiě)兩封短信一封是介紹自己的病情，一封是回信告訴對(duì)方如何保持健康。可以使用下列詞語(yǔ)（do more exercise, play ball game, eat less sweets, have good rest, have a cold, have a fever, have a headache, need a good rest ）

學(xué)生完成練習(xí)后，再讀課文，并回答課后問(wèn)題。

學(xué)法指導(dǎo)

1．本單元新出現(xiàn)的詞匯比較多，集中記憶比較困難，可以采用分散記憶法。把單詞放在課文中去記憶，這樣就會(huì)減少難度。

2．兩篇課文篇幅都比較長(zhǎng)，對(duì)課文內(nèi)容能熟讀就行了。但對(duì)一些常用的短語(yǔ)必須要牢牢掌握。如：be tired, wake up, be good for sb. , as soon as, fall asleep, be busy doing sth., all night long, a terrible storm, stop the ship from going down, sleeping pills, listen to music, be fast asleep, hard work, play the same piece, feel weak and died, rest every five minutes, look over, nothing much wrong with sb. ,What do you mean? rich food, take enough exercise, eat less food, some dry bread, feel much healthier, instead of等等。

3．本單元的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目①情態(tài)動(dòng)詞have to與②系動(dòng)詞。要掌握他們的用法必須在了解他們基本含義的基礎(chǔ)上，通過(guò)一定量的口頭和書(shū)面練習(xí)。

詞匯辨析

1. too much / much too

too much意為“太多”，常修飾不可數(shù)名詞或行為動(dòng)詞；而much too意為“太”，常修飾形容詞或副詞，以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。如：

He always eats too much meat, so he is much too fat. 他總是吃太多的肉，因此他太胖了。

 You talked too much at the meeting. 你在會(huì)上講得太多了。

另外，too much也可以單獨(dú)用，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞或代詞。如：

He is a kind man and often gives too much but gets too little. 他是個(gè)好心人，經(jīng)常付出的多而得到的回報(bào)少。

2. instead / instead of

instead與instead of都有“代替”之意，instead 后不跟其它成分，通常置于句末作狀語(yǔ)；而instead of后常跟名詞、代詞、v-ing形式或介詞短語(yǔ)等。如：

Why don’t you come and play volleyball instead? 你們?yōu)槭裁床粊?lái)改打排球呢？

We can use the USA instead of America. 我們可以用the USA來(lái)代替America.

He went to school on foot instead of by bike yesterday. 昨天他步行去上學(xué)，沒(méi)有騎自行車(chē)。

Jim likes swimming instead of skating. 吉姆喜歡游泳，而不是滑冰。

疑難解析

1. What’s the trouble？你怎么了？

這是口語(yǔ)中常用的句子，常用于詢問(wèn)對(duì)方身體哪里不舒服或發(fā)生了什么不幸的事。類(lèi)似的句子還有：What’s the matter (with you)? 或What’s wrong (with you)?

trouble名詞，意思是“煩惱，苦惱，憂慮，困難”。常見(jiàn)的搭配有：go to the trouble“不辭辛勞地做某事”；get into trouble“陷入困境，惹麻煩”；be in trouble“處于不幸／苦惱／困境之中”。例如：

My teacher went to the trouble of teaching us.我的老師不辭勞苦地教我們。

They got into trouble when they climbed that hill yesterday.昨天他們爬山時(shí)陷入了困境。

He is always ready to help others when they are in trouble.當(dāng)他們處于困境時(shí)，他總是樂(lè)于幫助他們。

2. I had to sit down and rest every five minutes． 每五分鐘我就得坐下來(lái)休息一會(huì)兒。

every形容詞，意思是“每個(gè)”，同數(shù)詞連用時(shí)，名詞可以有復(fù)數(shù)形式。表示“每……，每隔……的”。例如：

He comes every three days. 他每隔兩天來(lái)一次。（他每三天來(lái)一次。）

She goes to Beijing every other year. 她隔年去一趟北京。

3. Last night, as soon as I fell asleep I dreamt that I went to the garden.昨天夜里我一睡著就夢(mèng)見(jiàn)我到花園里去了。 

1）as soon as是連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“一……就……”。如：

It began to snow as soon as I got home.  我一到家里就開(kāi)始下雪了。

He will call you as soon as he arrives. 他一到就會(huì)給你電話的。

2）fall asleep 意思是“入睡的，睡著的”，fall在此是連系動(dòng)詞，后常跟asleep或ill作表語(yǔ)。如：

He was too tired, so he fell asleep very soon. 他太累了，因此很快就睡著了。

類(lèi)似的詞還有before, after, until, when等。當(dāng)主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句必須用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。

3）…that I went to the garden. 這是由that引導(dǎo)的從句作賓語(yǔ)，叫做賓語(yǔ)從句。如：

He said that he could not sleep well. 他說(shuō)他睡不好。

4. They taste delicious. 它們吃起來(lái)很香。

taste是系動(dòng)詞。常用的系動(dòng)詞有：be, look, seem, feel, smell, sound, get, become等，系動(dòng)詞后常用名詞、形容詞、副詞和介詞短語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)。例如：

(1) The teacher seems angry. 老師似乎生氣了。

(2) The food smells good. 食物聞起來(lái)很香。

(3) It’s getting colder. 天氣變冷了。

have to 用法分析

have to是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，意思是“必須；不得不”，表示客觀要做的事情，后接動(dòng)詞原形。

一、have to的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)

have to雖是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，但有人稱(chēng)或數(shù)的變化。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)用has to，其他人稱(chēng)用have to。例如：

You have to go with Tom．你得跟湯姆去。

She has to answer this question. 她不得不回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題。

二、have to的肯定式

have to的肯定式由“have to+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成。例如：

I have to tell him the news.我得告訴他這個(gè)消息。

She has to walk home．她不得不走回家。

三、have to的否定式

have to的否定式由“don’t have to+動(dòng)詞原形”或“doesn’t have to+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成。例如：

You don’t have to do like this.你不必這樣做。

He doesn’t have to be there on time. 他不必按時(shí)到那里。

have to的否定式還可在have／has后面加not （僅限于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)）。例如：

He hasn’t to go there.他不必去那里。

I haven’t to get up early.我不必早起床。

四、have to的疑問(wèn)式

have to的一般疑問(wèn)式通常由“Do/ Does + 主語(yǔ)+nave to+動(dòng)詞原形+其他成分”構(gòu)成，肯定回答用do或does；否定回答用don’t（have to）或doesn’t（have to）。例如：

 ①–Do you have to go now?你現(xiàn)在就得去嗎？

–Yes, I do.是的。

②–Does he have to hay home? 他必須留在家里嗎？

–Yes, he does. 是的。

（No, he doesn’t (have to) . 不，他不必留在家里。）

五、have to的時(shí)態(tài)

have to可用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。其一般過(guò)去時(shí)的肯定式是had to，否定式是didn’t have to；一般將來(lái)時(shí)的肯定式是will have to，否定式是won’t have to。例如：

He said he had to see me about something important．他說(shuō)他有重要的事情不得不見(jiàn)我。

He said they didn’t have to borrow 200 yuan from John．他說(shuō)他們不必向約翰借二百元。

You will have to do that again．你得重做那件事。

She won’t have to go with you. 她不必跟你去。

六、have to與 must的區(qū)別

1．have to有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化，即第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)用has to，其他人稱(chēng)用have to；而must沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)或數(shù)的變化。例如：

He has to go there．他必須去那里。

She must be off now．她現(xiàn)在必須走了。

2．have to有時(shí)態(tài)的變化，must沒(méi)有。例如：

He told me that I must be at the station by ten．他告訴我必須十點(diǎn)前到達(dá)車(chē)站。

He had to pay for it．他不得不賠償。

3．have to強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀上“不得不”做某事；must指主觀上“必須”做某事。例如：

We must study hard．我們一定要努力學(xué)習(xí)。

He had to go on foot because there was something wrong with his car.因?yàn)樗�的汽�?chē)壞了，他不得不走著去。

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