- 相關(guān)推薦
2023年高考真題及答案
2023 年高考已落下帷幕,考生們翹首以盼的真題及答案重磅登場(chǎng)!這里匯聚了各學(xué)科的高考真題與精準(zhǔn)答案,為考生們提供考后估分參考,也為學(xué)弟學(xué)妹們留存珍貴學(xué)習(xí)資料。讓我們一同回顧這場(chǎng)知識(shí)的盛宴,見(jiàn)證青春拼搏的印記。
2023年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試(新課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)
語(yǔ) 文
注意事項(xiàng):
1.答卷前,考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)等填寫(xiě)在答題卡上。
2.回答選擇題時(shí),選出每小題答案后,用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng),用橡皮擦干凈后,再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào);卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí),將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上。寫(xiě)在本試卷上無(wú)效。
3.考試結(jié)束后,將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。
一、現(xiàn)代文閱讀(35分)
(一)現(xiàn)代文閱讀I(本題共5小題,19分)
閱讀下面的文字,完成下面小題。
對(duì)素食者和腸胃疾病患者來(lái)說(shuō),藜麥的發(fā)現(xiàn)是一個(gè)奇跡。藜麥不含麩質(zhì),富含鎂和鐵,比其他種子含有更多的蛋白質(zhì),包括人體無(wú)法獨(dú)自生成的必需的氨基酸。美國(guó)宇航局宣布,藜麥?zhǔn)堑厍蛏蠣I(yíng)養(yǎng)最均衡的食物之一,是宇航員的理想之選。產(chǎn)于安第斯山的藜麥有一個(gè)令西方消費(fèi)者神往的傳說(shuō):印加人非常重視藜麥,認(rèn)為它是神圣的,并且稱之為“萬(wàn)谷之母”。不過(guò),藜麥的愛(ài)好者卻通過(guò)媒體發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)令人不安的事實(shí)。從2006年到2013年,玻利維亞和秘魯?shù)霓见渻r(jià)格上漲了兩倍。2011年,《獨(dú)立報(bào)》稱,玻利維亞的藜麥消費(fèi)量“5年間下降了34%,當(dāng)?shù)丶彝ヒ呀?jīng)吃不起這種主食了,它已經(jīng)變成了奢侈品”!都~約時(shí)報(bào)》援引研究報(bào)告稱,藜麥種植區(qū)的兒童營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良率正在上升。2013年,《衛(wèi)報(bào)》用煽動(dòng)性標(biāo)題提升了人們對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題的關(guān)注度:“素食者的肚子能裝下藜麥令人反胃的事實(shí)嗎?”該報(bào)稱,貧窮的玻利維亞人和秘魯人正在食用更加便宜的“進(jìn)口垃圾食品”!丢(dú)立報(bào)》2013年一篇報(bào)道的標(biāo)題是“藜麥:對(duì)你有利--對(duì)玻利維亞人有害”。這些消息傳遍了全球,在健康飲食者之中引發(fā)了一場(chǎng)良心危機(jī)。在社交媒體、素食博客和健康飲食論壇上,人們開(kāi)始詢問(wèn)食用藜麥?zhǔn)欠窈线m。
這種說(shuō)法看似可信,被許多人認(rèn)可,但是經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家馬克·貝勒馬爾等人對(duì)此則持保留意見(jiàn)。畢竟,藜麥貿(mào)易使大量外國(guó)資金涌入玻利維亞和秘魯,其中許多資金進(jìn)入了南美最貧窮的地區(qū)。幾位經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家跟蹤了秘魯家庭支出的調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù),將種植且食用藜麥的家庭、食用但不種植藜麥的家庭和從不接觸藜麥的家庭劃分為三個(gè)小組。他們發(fā)現(xiàn),從2004年到2013年,三個(gè)小組的生活水平都上升了,其中藜麥種植戶家庭支出的增長(zhǎng)速度是最快的。農(nóng)民們正在變富,他們將這種新收入轉(zhuǎn)化為支出又給周邊民眾帶來(lái)了好處。那么藜麥消費(fèi)量下降34%又是怎么回事呢?原來(lái),在很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間內(nèi)兩個(gè)國(guó)家的藜麥消費(fèi)量一直在緩慢而穩(wěn)定地下降,這意味著消費(fèi)量的下降和價(jià)格的激增不存在明顯的聯(lián)系。更加接近事實(shí)的解釋是,秘魯人和玻利維亞人只是想換換口味,吃點(diǎn)別的東西。
為了解藜麥的種植情況,我去了秘魯科爾卡山谷,這里在印加時(shí)代以前就得到了開(kāi)墾。藜麥?zhǔn)且环N美麗的作物,擁有深紅色或金黃色的巨大種球。在安第斯山的這片區(qū)域,人們?cè)谔萏锷贤瑫r(shí)種植藜麥以及當(dāng)?shù)靥赜械挠衩缀婉R鈴薯品種!皣(guó)外需求絕對(duì)是一件好事,”我的秘魯向?qū)Ы芪骺ㄕf(shuō)道,“農(nóng)民非常高興,所有想吃藜麥的人仍然買(mǎi)得起這種食物!彼解釋了另一個(gè)好處。之前,秘魯城里人往往認(rèn)為他們這片區(qū)域吃藜麥的人“很土”,F(xiàn)在,由于美國(guó)人和歐洲人的重視,食用藜麥被視作一種時(shí)尚。“利馬人終于開(kāi)始尊重我們這些高原人和我們的傳統(tǒng)了。”玻利維亞西南部有一片遙遠(yuǎn)而不適合居住的區(qū)域,那里到處都是鹽湖和休眠火山。在那里,我看到了由藜麥資金支持的當(dāng)?shù)丶毙璧拈_(kāi)發(fā)和旅游項(xiàng)目。千百年來(lái)勉強(qiáng)能夠養(yǎng)家糊口的自耕農(nóng)開(kāi)始為更加美好的未來(lái)而投資。我在2017年4月聽(tīng)到的玻利維亞人對(duì)于該作物的唯一抱怨是,日益增長(zhǎng)的供給正在拉低價(jià)格。玻利維亞的藜麥種植面積增長(zhǎng)了兩倍多,從2007年的5萬(wàn)公頃增長(zhǎng)到2016年的18萬(wàn)公項(xiàng)。馬克·貝勒馬爾后來(lái)對(duì)我說(shuō):“這是一個(gè)令人悲傷的結(jié)局,因?yàn)樗膬r(jià)格不太可能再度回升。”在風(fēng)景如畫(huà)的科爾卡山谷,當(dāng)太陽(yáng)落山時(shí),我問(wèn)杰西卡,歐洲和北美的消費(fèi)者是否應(yīng)該為吃掉秘魯人和玻利維亞人的食物而感到內(nèi)疚。我可以猜到答案,但我想聽(tīng)到當(dāng)?shù)厝说挠H口否認(rèn)!跋嘈盼,”杰西卡笑道,“我們有許多藜麥。”乍一看,這一關(guān)于食物熱潮、全球貿(mào)易和消費(fèi)者憂慮的事件講述了謊言被揭穿的過(guò)程。不過(guò),這些受到錯(cuò)誤解讀的真相可能會(huì)對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)氐娜藗冊(cè)斐烧嬲膫。各行各業(yè)有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的溝通者會(huì)通過(guò)片面的事實(shí)、數(shù)字、背景呈現(xiàn)某種世界觀,從而影響現(xiàn)實(shí)。在這個(gè)例子中,新聞工作者和博主出于高尚的理由引導(dǎo)消費(fèi)者遠(yuǎn)離藜麥:他們由衷地為一個(gè)貧困群體感到擔(dān)憂,害怕狂暴的全球貿(mào)易風(fēng)潮會(huì)危及這一群體的利益。我們很早就知道這一點(diǎn):每個(gè)新手辯論者和犯錯(cuò)誤的小學(xué)生都知道如何挑選最有利于自己的真相。不過(guò),我們可能不知道這些真相為溝通者提供了多大的靈活性。很多時(shí)候,你可以通過(guò)許多方式描述一個(gè)人、一件事物或者一起事件,這些描述可能具有同等的真實(shí)性。我將它們稱為“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性真相”。
(摘編自赫克托·麥克唐納《后真相時(shí)代》,劉清山譯)
1. 下列對(duì)原文相關(guān)內(nèi)容的理解和分析,不正確的一項(xiàng)是( )
A. 藜麥適合素食者和腸胃疾病患者食用,并且由于其營(yíng)養(yǎng)均衡,被美國(guó)宇航局認(rèn)為是宇航員食物的理想之選。
B. “馬克·貝勒馬爾等人對(duì)此則持保留意見(jiàn)”中的“此”,指的是被國(guó)外需求推高的藜麥價(jià)格給玻利維亞和秘魯當(dāng)?shù)厝嗽斐蓚@一說(shuō)法。
C. 藜麥的大面積種植,不僅讓玻利維亞和秘魯?shù)鹊剞r(nóng)民的生活水平顯著提高,而且改變了當(dāng)?shù)厝藢?duì)藜麥帶有歧視的看法。
D. 作者認(rèn)為,盡管一些媒體引導(dǎo)消費(fèi)者遠(yuǎn)離藜麥的做法值得商榷,但是其出發(fā)點(diǎn)卻不是惡意的,他們?yōu)楫?dāng)?shù)氐呢毨Ь用窀械綋?dān)憂。
2. 根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容,下列說(shuō)法不正確的一項(xiàng)是( )
A. 從第一段的內(nèi)容可以看出,當(dāng)一起事件超出了我們直接觀察的范圍時(shí),有些人會(huì)根據(jù)他人提供的信息,并結(jié)合自己的判斷,生成對(duì)該事件的看法。
B. “它的價(jià)格不太可能再度回升”,可能是因?yàn)槭袌?chǎng)對(duì)藜麥的需求量不再大幅增加,而藜麥的'種植面積持續(xù)擴(kuò)大,供給日益增長(zhǎng)。
C. “每個(gè)新手辯論者”“都知道如何挑選最有利于自己的真相”,可見(jiàn)有些“溝通者”會(huì)選擇有助于推進(jìn)個(gè)人意圖的真相,而這種選擇具有一定的靈活性。
D. 從藜麥?zhǔn)录梢园l(fā)現(xiàn),一組片面的事實(shí)編織在一起引發(fā)了一場(chǎng)良心危機(jī),而這場(chǎng)良心危機(jī)對(duì)玻利維亞和秘魯當(dāng)?shù)氐木用裨斐闪苏嬲膫Α?/p>
3. 下列選項(xiàng),最適合作為論據(jù)來(lái)支撐第二段觀點(diǎn)的一項(xiàng)是( )
A. “糧食優(yōu)先”智庫(kù)的工作人員塔尼婭·科森在談到安第斯山藜麥種植者時(shí)表示:“坦率地說(shuō),他們厭倦了藜麥,因此開(kāi)始購(gòu)買(mǎi)其他食物!
B. 加拿大《環(huán)球郵報(bào)》一則新聞的標(biāo)題為“你對(duì)藜麥的愛(ài)越深,你對(duì)玻利維亞人和秘魯人的傷害就越深”。
C. 制片人邁克爾·威爾科克斯專門(mén)為這個(gè)問(wèn)題制作了一部紀(jì)錄片,他說(shuō):“我見(jiàn)過(guò)一些反對(duì)食用藜麥的文字評(píng)論,實(shí)際上,停止消費(fèi)才會(huì)真正傷害這些農(nóng)民!
D. 英國(guó)廣播公司播音員埃文·戴維斯指出:“事實(shí)上,說(shuō)謊常常是沒(méi)有必要的。你可以在不使用任何謊言的情況下完成許多有效的欺騙!
4. 請(qǐng)簡(jiǎn)要說(shuō)明文本中的西方媒體在報(bào)道時(shí)使用了哪些“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性真相”。
5. 作者采用哪些方法證明關(guān)于藜麥的新聞報(bào)道結(jié)論有誤?請(qǐng)根據(jù)文本概括。
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A
4. ①《獨(dú)立報(bào)》通過(guò)片面的事實(shí)和數(shù)據(jù),稱藜麥價(jià)格的上漲使玻利維亞人吃不起藜麥了;②《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》直接援引他人研究,得出藜麥種植區(qū)的兒童營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良率正在上升的結(jié)論;③《衛(wèi)報(bào)》和《獨(dú)立報(bào)》使用具有明顯傾向性的標(biāo)題強(qiáng)調(diào)藜麥價(jià)格上漲對(duì)藜麥種植者造成的傷害。
5. ①借助名家觀點(diǎn)與事實(shí)論據(jù)加以批判,比如第二段引出馬克·貝勒馬爾等人的質(zhì)疑,引用相關(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家的調(diào)查論證,用事實(shí)反駁報(bào)道中的錯(cuò)誤信息;②借助實(shí)地考察的真相加以批駁,比如第三段用親自調(diào)查時(shí)掌握的第一手材料,反駁報(bào)道中的錯(cuò)誤信息;③借助常規(guī)邏輯認(rèn)知加以批判,比如最后一段以新手論辯與犯錯(cuò)誤小學(xué)生的自我辯護(hù)的技巧進(jìn)行類(lèi)比,批判報(bào)道中的“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性真相”。
【解析】
【1題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生篩選并辨析信息的能力。
C.“當(dāng)?shù)厝藢?duì)藜麥帶有歧視的看法”錯(cuò),原文“之前,秘魯城里人往往認(rèn)為他們這片區(qū)域吃藜麥的人‘很土’,F(xiàn)在,由于美國(guó)人和歐洲人的重視,食用藜麥被視作一種時(shí)尚”,可見(jiàn)是美國(guó)人和歐洲人的重視改變了當(dāng)?shù)厝藢?duì)藜麥帶有歧視的看法。
故選C。
【2題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生篩選并辨析信息的能力。
D.“對(duì)玻利維亞和秘魯當(dāng)?shù)氐木用裨斐闪苏嬲膫Α卞e(cuò),原文“不過(guò),這些受到錯(cuò)誤解讀的真相可能會(huì)對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)氐娜藗冊(cè)斐烧嬲膫Α保梢?jiàn)是“可能”會(huì)當(dāng)?shù)氐娜藗冊(cè)斐烧嬲膫,選項(xiàng)犯了或然變必然的錯(cuò)誤。
故選D。
【3題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生分析論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和論證方法能力。
第二段觀點(diǎn)是:消費(fèi)量的下降和價(jià)格的激增不存在明顯的聯(lián)系。
A.表明是安第斯山藜麥種植者想吃點(diǎn)別的東西導(dǎo)致藜麥消費(fèi)量的下降,而不是藜麥價(jià)格的上漲,直接支撐了第二段的觀點(diǎn)。
B.說(shuō)的是藜麥價(jià)格的上漲會(huì)對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)厝嗽斐蓚ΑEc第二段的觀點(diǎn)相悖。
C.說(shuō)的是“停止消費(fèi)才會(huì)真正傷害這些農(nóng)民”,可以用來(lái)支撐第三段的觀點(diǎn),與第二段的觀點(diǎn)關(guān)聯(lián)不大。
D.可以用來(lái)支撐“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性真相”的相關(guān)觀點(diǎn)。與第二段的觀點(diǎn)無(wú)關(guān)。
故選A。
【4題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生理解重要概念含義,篩選并整合文中信息的能力。
首先要明確答題區(qū)間,由題干中“西方媒體在報(bào)道時(shí)”可確定答題區(qū)間為第一段;其次要理解“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性真相”這一概念的含義。即第四段中的“通過(guò)許多方式描述一個(gè)人、一件事物或者一起事件。這些描述可能具有同等的真實(shí)性”,而這些“方式”在上文中有所體現(xiàn),如“各行各業(yè)有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的溝通者會(huì)通過(guò)片面的事實(shí)、數(shù)字、背景呈現(xiàn)某種世界觀,從而影響現(xiàn)實(shí)”等。
然后在以上分析的基礎(chǔ)上思考:第一段所涉及的西方媒體的報(bào)道通過(guò)哪些方式得出了什么樣的結(jié)論。
比如《獨(dú)立報(bào))以“玻利維亞藜麥消費(fèi)量‘5年間下降了34%’這一片面的事實(shí)和數(shù)據(jù),得出“當(dāng)?shù)丶彝ヒ呀?jīng)吃不起這種主食了。它已經(jīng)變成了有侈品”這一結(jié)論;
《紐約時(shí)報(bào))“援引研究報(bào)告”,得出“藜麥種植區(qū)的兒童營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良率正在上升”的結(jié)論;
《衛(wèi)報(bào)》“用煽動(dòng)性標(biāo)題提升了人們對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題的關(guān)注度”,《獨(dú)立報(bào)》用“藜麥:對(duì)你有利--對(duì)玻利維亞人有害”這一具有明顯情感傾向的標(biāo)題來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)黎麥價(jià)格上漲對(duì)黎麥種植者造成的傷害。
【5題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生分析論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和論證方法的能力。
首先要明確該文探究的核心問(wèn)題,即西方媒體在關(guān)于玻利維亞和秘魯藜麥生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)的報(bào)道中大量使用“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性真相”,使讀者產(chǎn)生誤會(huì)甚至引發(fā)良心危機(jī)。
第一段列舉西方媒體的報(bào)道,提出問(wèn)題。
第二段先提出質(zhì)疑的觀點(diǎn),“這種說(shuō)法看似可信,被許多人認(rèn)可,但是經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家馬克·貝勒馬爾等人對(duì)此則持保留意見(jiàn)”,然后結(jié)合經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家的相關(guān)調(diào)查,“幾位經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家跟蹤了秘魯家庭支出的調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù),將種植且食用藜麥的家庭、食用但不種植藜麥的家庭和從不接觸藜麥的家庭劃分為三個(gè)小組。他們發(fā)現(xiàn),從2004年到2013年,三個(gè)小組的生活水平都上升了,其中藜麥種植戶家庭支出的增長(zhǎng)速度是最快的。農(nóng)民們正在變富,他們將這種新收入轉(zhuǎn)化為支出又給周邊民眾帶來(lái)了好處”,得出恰當(dāng)?shù)慕Y(jié)論,“消費(fèi)量的下降和價(jià)格的激增不存在明顯的聯(lián)系。更加接近事實(shí)的解釋是,秘魯人和玻利維亞人只是想換換口味,吃點(diǎn)別的東西”。
第三段則重點(diǎn)探討了“我”的實(shí)地考察,以事實(shí)說(shuō)話,使得闡釋更具有科學(xué)依據(jù):一方面指出其他地區(qū)的人食用藜麥給當(dāng)?shù)厝藥?lái)了好處“國(guó)外需求絕對(duì)是一件好事”“之前,秘魯城里人往往認(rèn)為他們這片區(qū)域吃藜麥的人‘很土’,F(xiàn)在,由于美國(guó)人和歐洲人的重視,食用藜麥被視作一種時(shí)尚”;另一方面指出當(dāng)?shù)厝瞬⒉蝗鄙俎见湥驅(qū)дf(shuō)“我們有許多藜麥”。
最后一段進(jìn)一步指出“這些受到錯(cuò)誤解讀的真相可能會(huì)對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)氐娜藗冊(cè)斐烧嬲膫Α保庠趶?qiáng)調(diào)片面地使用“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性真相”會(huì)造成更多的傷害,作者在此處用“新手辯論者和犯錯(cuò)誤的小學(xué)生”的常規(guī)邏輯認(rèn)知進(jìn)行類(lèi)比論證,批判報(bào)道中的“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性真相”。
。ǘ┈F(xiàn)代文閱讀II(本題共4小題,16分)
閱讀下面的文字,完成下面小題。
給兒子
陳 村
你總會(huì)長(zhǎng)大的,兒子,你總會(huì)進(jìn)入大學(xué),把童年撇得遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)的。你會(huì)和時(shí)髦青年一樣,熱衷于旅游。等到暑假,你的第一個(gè)暑假,兒子,你就去買(mǎi)票。
火車(chē)430公里,一直坐到蕪湖。你背著包爬上江堤,看看長(zhǎng)江。再?zèng)]有比長(zhǎng)江更親切的河了。它寬,它長(zhǎng),它黃得恰如其分,不失尊嚴(yán)地走向東海。
你走下江堤,花一毛錢(qián)去打票,坐上渡船。船上無(wú)疑會(huì)有許多人。他們挑著擔(dān)子,扛著被子,或許還有板車(chē)。他們說(shuō)話的聲音很高,看人從來(lái)都是正視。也許會(huì)有人和你搭話,你就老老實(shí)實(shí)說(shuō)話。他們沒(méi)有壞意。
你從跳板走上岸,順著被鞋底和腳板踩硬踩白的大路,走半個(gè)小時(shí)。你能看到村子了。狗總是最先跳出來(lái)的。你可以在任何一家的門(mén)口坐下,要口水喝。主人總是熱情的,而狗卻時(shí)刻警惕著。也許會(huì)引來(lái)它的朋友們,紛紛表示出對(duì)你的興趣。你要沉住氣。
你謝過(guò)主人,再別理狗的訛詐,去河邊尋找灘船。如果你運(yùn)氣好,船上只有一兩個(gè)客,你就能躺在艙里,將頭枕著船幫,河水拍擊船底的聲音頓時(shí)變得很重。船在槳聲中不緊不慢地走。雙槳“吱呀吱呀”的,古人說(shuō)是“欸乃”,也對(duì)。怎么說(shuō)怎么像。
板橋就在太陽(yáng)落下去的地方。你沿著大埂走,右邊是漕河,它連接著巢湖和長(zhǎng)江。河灘如沒(méi)被淹,一定有放牛的。你走過(guò)窯場(chǎng)就不遠(yuǎn)了。可以問(wèn)問(wèn)人,誰(shuí)都愿意回答你,也許還會(huì)領(lǐng)你走一段,把咄咄逼人的狗子趕開(kāi)。走到你的腿有點(diǎn)酸了,那就差不多到了。
走下大埂,沿著水渠邊的路走。你走過(guò)一座小橋,只有一條石板的橋就是進(jìn)村了。我曾寫(xiě)過(guò)它。這時(shí),你抬起頭,會(huì)發(fā)覺(jué)許多眼睛在看著你。
你對(duì)他們說(shuō),你叫楊子,你是我的兒子。
兒子,你得找和你父親差不多年紀(jì)的人,他們才記得。
他們會(huì)記得那五個(gè)“上海佬”,記得那個(gè)戴近視眼鏡的下放學(xué)生。他們會(huì)說(shuō)他的好話和壞話。不管他們說(shuō)什么,你都聽(tīng)著,不許還嘴。他們會(huì)告訴你一些細(xì)節(jié),比如插不齊秧,比如一口氣吃了個(gè)12斤的西瓜。你跟他們一起笑吧,確實(shí)值得笑上一場(chǎng)。
你們談到黑了,會(huì)有人請(qǐng)你吃飯。不必客氣,誰(shuí)先請(qǐng)就跟誰(shuí)去。能喝多少喝多少,能吃多少吃多少,這才像客人。天黑了,他們會(huì)留你住宿。他們非常好客。
兒子,你去找找那間草屋。它在村子的東頭,通往曬場(chǎng)的路邊,三面環(huán)水。你比著照片,看它還像不像當(dāng)年。也許那草屋已經(jīng)不在了,當(dāng)年它就晃晃的,想必支撐不到你去。也許,那里又成了一片稻田。
晚上,你到田間小路上走走。你邊走邊讀“稻花香里說(shuō)豐年,聽(tīng)取蛙聲一片”,感受會(huì)深深的。風(fēng)吹來(lái)暖暖的熱氣,稻穗在風(fēng)中作響。一路上,有螢火蟲(chóng)為你照著。
假如你有膽量,就到村東頭的大墳塋去。多半會(huì)碰上“鬼火”,也就是磷火。你別跑,你坐在墳堆上,體會(huì)一下死的莊重和沉默。地下的那些人也曾生活在這塊土地上,勞動(dòng),繁殖。他們也曾埋葬過(guò)他們的祖先。①你會(huì)捉摸到一點(diǎn)歷史感的,這比任何教科書(shū)都有效。
住上幾天,你就熟悉村子了。男人愛(ài)理干干凈凈的發(fā)式,兩邊的頭發(fā)一刀推凈,這樣頭便顯得長(zhǎng)了。頂上則是長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的頭毛,能披到眼睛,時(shí)而這么一甩,甩得很有點(diǎn)味道。
我喜歡見(jiàn)他們光著上身光著腳的樣子。皮膚曬成了栗色,黑得發(fā)亮發(fā)光,連麥芒都刺不透它。他們不是生來(lái)這樣的。和他們一起下河,你就知道,他們?cè)缺饶氵白,F(xiàn)在,他們和你的祖先一樣黑了。和你父親當(dāng)年一樣黑。你要是下田,就和你一樣黑。
下田去吧,兒子。讓太陽(yáng)也把你烤透。你彎下腰,從清晨彎到天黑,你恨不得把腰扔了。你的肩膀不是生來(lái)只能背背書(shū)包的。你挑起擔(dān)子,肩上的肌肉會(huì)在扁擔(dān)下鼓起。也許會(huì)掉層皮,那不算什么。你去拔秧,插秧,鋤草,脫粒。你會(huì)知道自己并非什么都行。你去握一握大鍬,它啥時(shí)候都不會(huì)被取代。工具越原始就越扔不了,像錘子,像刀,總要的。你得認(rèn)識(shí)麥子,稻子,玉米,高粱,紅薯。它們也是扔不了的。你干累了,坐在門(mén)邊,看著豬在四處漫游,看著雞上房,鴨下河,鵝竄進(jìn)秧田美餐一頓。你聽(tīng)著杵聲,感覺(jué)著太陽(yáng)漸漸收起它的熱力。你心平氣和地想想,該說(shuō)大地是仁慈的。它在無(wú)止無(wú)息地輸出。我們因?yàn)檫@輸出,才能存活,才得以延續(xù)。
那一層層茅草鋪就的屋頂,那一條條小河分割的田野,那土黃色的土墻,那牛,那狗。那威力無(wú)比的太陽(yáng)。
②你會(huì)愛(ài)的。
你就這樣住著,看著,干著。你去過(guò)了,你就會(huì)懂得父親,懂得父親筆下的漕河。當(dāng)然,這實(shí)在不算什么,應(yīng)當(dāng)珍視的是你懂了自己。③你得不讓自己飄了,你得有塊東西鎮(zhèn)住自己。也許,借父親的還不行,你得自己去找。
當(dāng)你離開(kāi)板橋的時(shí)候,人們會(huì)送你。你是不配的,兒子。你得在晚上告別,半夜就走。夜間的漕河微微發(fā)亮,你獨(dú)自在河灘坐上一會(huì),聽(tīng)聽(tīng)它的流動(dòng)。
要是湊巧,你可以帶條狗崽子回來(lái)。找條有主見(jiàn)的。開(kāi)始,也許它有點(diǎn)想家。日子長(zhǎng)了,你們能處好。你會(huì)發(fā)覺(jué),為它吃點(diǎn)辛苦是值得的。
也就是這些話了,兒子。你得去,在大學(xué)的第一個(gè)暑假就去。④我不知道究竟會(huì)怎樣。要是你的船走進(jìn)漕河,看見(jiàn)的只是一排煙囪,一排廠房,兒子,你該替我痛哭一場(chǎng)才是。雖然我為鄉(xiāng)親們高興。
1984.8.5
(有刪改)
6. 下列對(duì)文本相關(guān)內(nèi)容的理解,不正確的一項(xiàng)是( )
A. 文章開(kāi)頭部分,父親想象兒子上大學(xué)后會(huì)像時(shí)髦青年一樣愛(ài)旅游,由此切入長(zhǎng)大成人和出門(mén)旅行這兩個(gè)關(guān)聯(lián)話題。
B. 兒子在渡船上會(huì)邂逅許多陌生人,父親教給兒子,如何通過(guò)看他們的神情、聽(tīng)他們的言語(yǔ)來(lái)判斷他們是否心存善意。
C. 父親設(shè)想兒子一路上常會(huì)遇到狗,并建議兒子離開(kāi)時(shí)帶走一條狗,可見(jiàn)狗應(yīng)是父親當(dāng)年鄉(xiāng)村生活中難忘一部分。
D. 兒子的板橋之旅除了坐車(chē)乘船,還需步行走過(guò)許多路,如江堤、大路、大埂、渠邊小路、石橋等,帶有較濃的尋訪意味。
7. 對(duì)文中畫(huà)線句子的分析與鑒賞,不正確的一項(xiàng)是( )
A. 句子①中“你會(huì)捉摸到”的那種“歷史感”,也正是“我”當(dāng)年的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和感悟。
B. 句子②語(yǔ)義上與上段文字緊密相連,但單獨(dú)成段,語(yǔ)氣和表達(dá)的感情就更強(qiáng)烈。
C. 句子③中的“飄”,是年輕人的一種心理狀態(tài),因脫離了父輩壓制而感到飄然自在。
D. 句子④表達(dá)出的不確定,與前文多處“你會(huì)”“你得”表現(xiàn)出的篤定形成了張力。
8. “下田去吧,兒子”這個(gè)段落,寫(xiě)出了多重的身心感受。請(qǐng)加以梳理概括。
9. 讀書(shū)小組要為此文寫(xiě)一則文學(xué)短評(píng)。經(jīng)討論,甲組提出一組關(guān)鍵詞:未來(lái)·回憶·成長(zhǎng);乙組提出一個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞:河流。請(qǐng)任選一個(gè)小組加入,圍繞關(guān)鍵詞寫(xiě)出你的短評(píng)思路。
【答案】6. B 7. C
8. ①寫(xiě)出干農(nóng)活的勞累和辛苦,感悟到我們有可以干很多事的潛能,人生要能承受生活之重;
、谟捎行┺r(nóng)活可能干不了,體悟到我們的局限,我們并非全能;
③寫(xiě)出了生活中有些東西是不能丟的,需要一直傳承和延續(xù);
、芨形蛏畹拿篮煤痛蟮氐娜蚀,感悟到對(duì)生活的熱愛(ài)。
9. 甲組答案示例:
、俦疚谋砻嫔鲜顷P(guān)于未來(lái)的想象,即父親想象兒子長(zhǎng)大后的一次旅行。
、谄鋵(shí)是父親對(duì)過(guò)去的回憶。
、蹫楹谓化B未來(lái)與過(guò)去?指向關(guān)于成長(zhǎng)的主題,即父親帶兒子重溫自己的成長(zhǎng),并期待兒子也能夠在其中找到自我!
乙組答案示例:
、傥恼掠泻芏嗍闱榈囊庀,河流是其中最重要的一個(gè)。
、谄浔憩F(xiàn)就是,從爬上江堤到獨(dú)坐河灘,兒子的板橋之旅始終與河流相伴。
③那么河流究竟意味著什么?河流既是環(huán)境與風(fēng)景,也代表著空間的延展和時(shí)間的流逝,并承載著人的思索。
【解析】
【6題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生分析鑒賞作品內(nèi)容的能力。
B.“父親教給兒子,如何通過(guò)看他們的神情、聽(tīng)他們的言語(yǔ)來(lái)判斷他們是否心存善意”錯(cuò)誤,結(jié)合“船上無(wú)疑會(huì)有許多人。他們挑著擔(dān)子,扛著被子,或許還有板車(chē)。他們說(shuō)話的聲音很高,看人從來(lái)都是正視。也許會(huì)有人和你搭話,你就老老實(shí)實(shí)說(shuō)話。他們沒(méi)有壞意”分析可知,父親是想讓兒子觀察人生百態(tài),告訴兒子他們沒(méi)有壞意,不是教兒子如何判斷他們是否心存善意。
故選B。
【7題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生理解文中重要句子的含意的能力。
C.“因脫離了父輩壓制而感到飄然自在”錯(cuò)誤。結(jié)合“你去過(guò)了,你就會(huì)懂得父親,懂得父親筆下的漕河。當(dāng)然,這實(shí)在不算什么,應(yīng)當(dāng)珍視的是你懂了自己”分析可知,此處的“飄”指的是不懂生活的意義而產(chǎn)生不切實(shí)際的生活態(tài)度,不是“因脫離了父輩壓制而感到飄然自在”。
故選C
【8題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生分析體會(huì)作者思想情感的能力。
結(jié)合“讓太陽(yáng)也把你烤透。你彎下腰,從清晨彎到天黑,你恨不得把腰扔了。你的肩膀不是生來(lái)只能背背書(shū)包的”“也許會(huì)掉層皮,那不算什么”分析可知,作者由此寫(xiě)出干農(nóng)活的勞累和辛苦,感悟到我們有可以干很多事的潛能,人生要盡力而為,要能承受生活之重;
結(jié)合“你去拔秧,插秧,鋤草,脫粒。你會(huì)知道自己并非什么都行”分析可知,作者由此感悟到有些農(nóng)活我們可能干不了,體悟到我們的局限,我們并非全能,做事要量力而行;
結(jié)合“它啥時(shí)候都不會(huì)被取代”“它們也是扔不了的”分析可知,作者由此寫(xiě)出了生活中有些東西是不能丟的,需要一直傳承和延續(xù);
結(jié)合“坐在門(mén)邊,看著豬在四處漫游,看著雞上房,鴨下河,鵝竄進(jìn)秧田美餐一頓”“你心平氣和地想想,該說(shuō)大地是仁慈的。它在無(wú)止無(wú)息地輸出。我們因?yàn)檫@輸出,才能存活,才得以延續(xù)”分析可知,作者由此感悟生活的美好和大地的仁慈,感悟到對(duì)生活的熱愛(ài)。
【9題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生對(duì)作品進(jìn)行個(gè)性化閱讀和有創(chuàng)意的解讀的能力。
甲組:圍繞“未來(lái)·回憶·成長(zhǎng)”三個(gè)詞選取本文的相關(guān)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行評(píng)析。
未來(lái):結(jié)合“你總會(huì)長(zhǎng)大的,兒子,你總會(huì)進(jìn)入大學(xué),把童年撇得遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)的。你會(huì)和時(shí)髦青年一樣,熱衷于旅游。等到暑假,你的第一個(gè)暑假,兒子,你就去買(mǎi)票”分析可知,本文表面上是關(guān)于未來(lái)的想象,即父親想象兒子長(zhǎng)大后的一次旅行。
回憶:結(jié)合“它寬,它長(zhǎng),它黃得恰如其分,不失尊嚴(yán)地走向東!薄耙苍S會(huì)有人和你搭話,你就老老實(shí)實(shí)說(shuō)話。他們沒(méi)有壞意”“你對(duì)他們說(shuō),你叫楊子,你是我的兒子”“他們會(huì)記得那五個(gè)‘上海佬’,記得那個(gè)戴近視眼鏡的下放學(xué)生。他們會(huì)說(shuō)他的好話和壞話。不管他們說(shuō)什么,你都聽(tīng)著,不許還嘴。他們會(huì)告訴你一些細(xì)節(jié),比如插不齊秧,比如一口氣吃了個(gè)12斤的西瓜”等內(nèi)容分析可知,本文其實(shí)是父親對(duì)過(guò)去的回憶。
成長(zhǎng):結(jié)合“該說(shuō)大地是仁慈的。它在無(wú)止無(wú)息地輸出。我們因?yàn)檫@輸出,才能存活,才得以延續(xù)”“這實(shí)在不算什么,應(yīng)當(dāng)珍視的是你懂了自己。你得不讓自己飄了,你得有塊東西鎮(zhèn)住自己。也許,借父親的還不行,你得自己去找”分析可知,作者寫(xiě)本文的目的,是想通過(guò)本文帶兒子重溫自己的成長(zhǎng),并期待兒子也能夠用心感悟生活,在其中找到自我。
乙組:圍繞“河流”從相關(guān)的幾個(gè)方面,選取本文的相關(guān)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行評(píng)析。
結(jié)合“你背著包爬上江堤,看看長(zhǎng)江。再?zèng)]有比長(zhǎng)江更親切的河了”“河水拍擊船底的聲音頓時(shí)變得很重”“你就這樣住著,看著,干著。你去過(guò)了,你就會(huì)懂得父親,懂得父親筆下的漕河”等內(nèi)容可知,文章有很多抒情的意象,河流是其中最重要的一個(gè),作者的好多記憶和生活感悟都和河流有關(guān)。
結(jié)合“你沿著大埂走,右邊是漕河,它連接著巢湖和長(zhǎng)江”“那一層層茅草鋪就的屋頂,那一條條小河分割的田野,那土黃色的土墻”“夜間的漕河微微發(fā)亮,你獨(dú)自在河灘坐上一會(huì),聽(tīng)聽(tīng)它的流動(dòng)”等內(nèi)容分析可知,從爬上江堤到獨(dú)坐河灘,兒子的板橋之旅始終與河流相伴。
結(jié)合“它寬,它長(zhǎng),它黃得恰如其分,不失尊嚴(yán)地走向東!薄澳闳ミ^(guò)了,你就會(huì)懂得父親,懂得父親筆下的漕河”“夜間的漕河微微發(fā)亮,你獨(dú)自在河灘坐上一會(huì),聽(tīng)聽(tīng)它的流動(dòng)”“要是你的船走進(jìn)漕河,看見(jiàn)的只是一排煙囪,一排廠房,兒子,你該替我痛哭一場(chǎng)才是。雖然我為鄉(xiāng)親們高興”等內(nèi)容分析可知,從主題上看,河流既是人們的得生活環(huán)境,也是自然風(fēng)景,它代表著空間的延展和時(shí)間的流逝,并承載著人對(duì)生活生命的思索。
二、古代詩(shī)文閱讀(35分)
。ㄒ唬┪难晕拈喿x(本題共5小題,20分)
閱讀下面的文言文,完成下面小題。
材料一:
襄子①圍于晉陽(yáng)中,出圍,賞有功者五人,高赫為賞首。張孟談曰:“晉陽(yáng)之事,赫無(wú)大功,今為賞首,何也?”襄子曰:“晉陽(yáng)之事,寡人國(guó)家危,社稷殆矣。吾群臣無(wú)有不驕侮之意者,唯赫子不失君臣之禮,是以先之!敝倌崧勚唬骸吧瀑p哉,襄子!賞一人而天下為人臣者莫敢失禮矣。”或曰:仲尼不知善賞矣。夫善賞罰者,百官不敢侵職,群臣不敢失禮。上設(shè)其法,而下無(wú)奸詐之心。如此,則可謂善賞罰矣。襄子有君臣親之澤,操令行禁止之法,而猶有驕侮之臣,是襄子失罰也。為人臣者,乘事而有功則賞。今赫僅不驕侮,而襄子賞之,是失賞也。故曰:仲尼不知善賞。
。ü(jié)選自《韓非子·難一》)
材料二:
陳人有武臣,謂子鮒②曰:“韓子立法,其所以異夫子之論者紛如也。予每探其意而校其事,持久歷遠(yuǎn),遏奸勸善,韓氏未必非,孔氏未必得也。若韓非者,亦當(dāng)世之圣人也!弊吁V曰:“今世人有言高者必以極天為稱,言下者必以深淵為名。好事而穿鑿者,必言經(jīng)以自輔,援圣以自賢,欲以取信于群愚而度其說(shuō)也。若諸子之書(shū),其義皆然。請(qǐng)略說(shuō)一隅,而君子審其信否焉!蔽涑荚唬骸爸Z!弊吁V曰:“乃者趙、韓共并知氏,趙襄子之行賞,先加具臣而后有功。韓非書(shū)云夫子善之引以張本然后難之豈有不似哉?然實(shí)詐也。何以明其然?昔我先君以春秋哀公十六年四月己丑卒,至二十七年荀瑤與韓、趙、魏伐鄭,遇陳恒而還,是時(shí)夫子卒已十一年矣,而晉四卿皆在也。后悼公十四年,知氏乃亡。此先后甚遠(yuǎn),而韓非公稱之,曾無(wú)怍意。是則世多好事之徒,皆非之罪也。故吾以是默口于小道,塞耳于諸子久矣。而子立尺表以度天,植寸指以測(cè)淵,矇大道而不悟,信誣說(shuō)以疑圣,殆非所望也!
。ü(jié)選自《孔叢子·答問(wèn)》)
【注】①襄子:趙襄子。春秋末年,知、趙、韓、魏四家把持晉國(guó)國(guó)政,稱“晉四卿”。晉陽(yáng)之戰(zhàn),知氏(荀瑤)聯(lián)合韓、魏攻趙,反被趙襄子聯(lián)合韓、魏滅殺。②子鮒:即孔鮒,孔子八世孫。
10. 材料二畫(huà)波浪線的部分有三處需要斷句,請(qǐng)用鉛筆將答題卡上相應(yīng)位置的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑,每涂對(duì)一處給1分,涂黑超過(guò)三處不給分。
韓非子A云夫子B善之C引D以張本E然F后難之G豈有H不似哉?
11. 下列對(duì)材料中加點(diǎn)的詞語(yǔ)及相關(guān)內(nèi)容的解說(shuō),不正確的一項(xiàng)是( )
A. 圍,指被圍困,“傅說(shuō)舉于版筑之間”的“舉”表示被選拔,兩者用法相同。
B. 勸,指鼓勵(lì)、勸勉,與《兼愛(ài)》“不可以不勸愛(ài)人”中的“勸”詞義不相同。
C. 具臣,文中與“有功”相對(duì),是指沒(méi)有功勞的一般人臣,具體就是指高赫。
D. 誣說(shuō),指沒(méi)有事實(shí)依據(jù)的胡說(shuō)妄言,與現(xiàn)在所說(shuō)的“誣蔑之辭”并不一樣。
12. 下列對(duì)材料有關(guān)內(nèi)容的概述,不正確的一項(xiàng)是( )
A. 主上設(shè)置有關(guān)法令,令行禁止,群臣不敢越職侵權(quán),也沒(méi)有了奸詐之心,他們履職行事,有了功勞就能得到賞賜,韓非認(rèn)為這樣才叫“善賞罰”。
B. 在武臣看來(lái),韓非與孔子觀點(diǎn)不同的地方很多,在遏奸勸善等方面,韓非不一定就不對(duì),孔子也不一定就合理,韓非也可以稱得上是當(dāng)世圣人。
C. 世人說(shuō)到高必定會(huì)以上天作比,說(shuō)到低必定會(huì)以深淵作比,他們常通過(guò)引經(jīng)據(jù)典、援用圣賢來(lái)成就自己,使自己更加賢能,以爭(zhēng)取民眾的信任。
D. 子鮒對(duì)韓非之類(lèi)的諸子學(xué)說(shuō)閉口不言,充耳不聞,而武臣卻深信不疑,進(jìn)而懷疑圣人,子鮒對(duì)此深感失望,認(rèn)為武臣是見(jiàn)識(shí)短淺,不明大道。
13. 把材料中畫(huà)橫線的句子翻譯成現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)。
。1)吾群臣無(wú)有不驕侮之意者,唯赫子不失君臣之禮,是以先之。
(2)請(qǐng)略說(shuō)一隅,而君子審其信否焉。
14. 子鮒用以批駁韓非的事實(shí)依據(jù)是什么?
【答案】10. CEG 11. B 12. C
13. (1)我的大臣們都對(duì)我有高傲輕慢的意思,只有高赫沒(méi)有失掉君臣之間的禮節(jié),所以先獎(jiǎng)賞他。
。2)請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我簡(jiǎn)略地說(shuō)其中的一小部分,您來(lái)仔細(xì)考察它真實(shí)與否。
14. 趙襄子獎(jiǎng)賞群臣時(shí),孔子已經(jīng)去世許多年,不可能對(duì)此表達(dá)意見(jiàn)。
【解析】
【10題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生文言文斷句的能力。
句意:韓非子在他的書(shū)中說(shuō),孔子贊賞趙襄子的做法,以此來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)“禮”的根本,然后在書(shū)中批駁孔子的看法,難道不像是真的嗎?
“韓非書(shū)云”的意思是“韓非在他的書(shū)中說(shuō)”,其后應(yīng)跟“說(shuō)”的具體內(nèi)容;結(jié)合材料一《韓非子·難一》中的“仲尼聞之,曰:‘善賞哉,襄子!賞一人而天下為人臣者莫敢失禮矣!笨芍,“夫子善之”是韓非書(shū)里記載的內(nèi)容,應(yīng)作“云”的賓語(yǔ),“韓非書(shū)云夫子善之”語(yǔ)意完整,其后應(yīng)斷開(kāi)。
材料一中韓非先引用孔子的觀點(diǎn)來(lái)說(shuō)明“禮”的重要,這就是“引以張本”;然后對(duì)孔子的話加以批駁,這就是“然后難之”,故“引以張本”后、“然后難之”后都應(yīng)斷開(kāi)。同時(shí),從固定結(jié)構(gòu)上看,“豈……哉”為反問(wèn)句式,其前應(yīng)斷開(kāi)。
【11題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生理解文言實(shí)詞在文中的意義和用法的能力。
A.“傅說(shuō)舉于版筑之間”句意:傅說(shuō)從筑墻的勞作之中被選拔。“圍”和“舉”都是實(shí)詞的被動(dòng)用法,二者用法相同。正確。
B.“不可以不勸愛(ài)人”句意:不能不鼓勵(lì)關(guān)愛(ài)他人。此處的“勸”也是鼓勵(lì)的意思,二者詞義相同。
C.正確。
D.現(xiàn)在所說(shuō)的“誣蔑之辭”是指捏造事實(shí)毀壞他人名譽(yù)的言論,和“誣說(shuō)”詞義不同,正確。
故選B。
【12題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生理解文章內(nèi)容的能力。
C.“世人”“常通過(guò)引經(jīng)據(jù)典……使自己更加賢能,以爭(zhēng)取民眾信任”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)材料二中的“好事而穿鑿者,必言經(jīng)以自輔,援圣以自賢,欲以取信于群愚而度其說(shuō)也”可知,在言談中一定引經(jīng)據(jù)典來(lái)自我修飾,援引圣賢的事例來(lái)標(biāo)榜自我賢能,想要獲得民眾的信任從而傳播他的說(shuō)辭的人是“好事而穿鑿者”而非“世人”,選項(xiàng)的說(shuō)法擴(kuò)大范圍。
故選C。
【13題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生理解并翻譯文言文句子的能力。
。1)“驕侮”,高傲輕慢;“唯”,副詞,只有;“先”,動(dòng)詞,以……為先、放在前面。
。2)“一隅”,一小部分、一個(gè)方面;“審”,仔細(xì)考察;“信”,真實(shí)。
【14題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生理解文章內(nèi)容的能力。
根據(jù)材料二中的“韓非書(shū)云……豈有不似哉?然實(shí)詐也”可知,子鮒批駁韓非書(shū)云“夫子善之”是欺詐之言,由“何以明其然?”引出子鮒批駁韓非“實(shí)詐”的事實(shí)依據(jù)。根據(jù)“昔我先君以春秋哀公十六年四月己丑卒,至二十七年荀瑤與韓、趙﹑魏伐鄭,遇陳恒而還,是時(shí)夫子卒已十一年矣,而晉四卿皆在也。后悼公十四年,知氏乃亡”這一時(shí)間上的梳理,以及“此先后甚遠(yuǎn)”的總結(jié)可知,趙襄子獎(jiǎng)賞群臣時(shí),孔子已經(jīng)去世許多年,不可能對(duì)此表達(dá)意見(jiàn),子鮒便是用這一事實(shí)依據(jù)來(lái)批駁韓非的。
參考譯文:
材料一:
趙襄子被圍在晉陽(yáng)城中,晉陽(yáng)解圍后,他獎(jiǎng)賞有功的五個(gè)人,高赫是受賞的首位。張孟談?wù)f:“晉陽(yáng)的戰(zhàn)事,高赫并沒(méi)有大功,現(xiàn)在成了第一個(gè)受賞的,這是為什么?”趙襄子說(shuō):“晉陽(yáng)的戰(zhàn)事,讓我的國(guó)家宗廟都陷入了危機(jī)。我的大臣們都對(duì)我有高傲輕慢的意思,只有高赫沒(méi)有失掉君臣之間的禮節(jié),所以先獎(jiǎng)賞他!笨鬃勇(tīng)到后說(shuō):“這是懂得正確行賞啊,襄子!獎(jiǎng)賞一個(gè)人而能使天下做臣子的沒(méi)有敢失禮的了!庇腥苏f(shuō):孔子不懂得正確行賞的道理。善于賞罰的人,能使百官不敢越權(quán),群臣不敢失禮。君主設(shè)立法令,而臣下沒(méi)有奸詐之心。這樣的話,就可以算是善于賞罰了。襄子有君臣關(guān)系密切的恩澤,掌握著令行禁止的法令,這樣尚且還有驕傲輕慢的臣子,這是襄子不善于懲罰的原因。做臣子的人,謀事有功才應(yīng)該獎(jiǎng)賞。現(xiàn)在高赫僅僅是不驕傲輕慢,而襄子卻獎(jiǎng)賞他,這是不善于獎(jiǎng)賞。所以說(shuō),孔子不懂得正確行賞。
材料二:
陳國(guó)有個(gè)武將,對(duì)子鮒說(shuō):“韓非子制定的法律,有太多和夫子的理論截然不同之處。我經(jīng)常探索他們的意圖并比對(duì)他們的行為,經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的觀察,我發(fā)現(xiàn)他們?cè)谥箰簞裆七@方面,韓氏未必是錯(cuò)的,孔氏也未必完全正確。像韓非這樣的人,也是當(dāng)世的圣人!弊吁V回答說(shuō):“世人說(shuō)到高必定會(huì)以上天作比,說(shuō)到低必定會(huì)以深淵作比。好事而喜歡穿鑿附會(huì)的人,在言談中一定引經(jīng)據(jù)典來(lái)自我修飾,援引圣賢的事例來(lái)標(biāo)榜自我賢能,想要獲得民眾的信任從而傳播他的說(shuō)辭。像諸子的著作,其中的義理都是這樣。請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我簡(jiǎn)略地說(shuō)其中的一小部分,您來(lái)仔細(xì)考察它真實(shí)與否。”武將答應(yīng)了。子鮒說(shuō):“最近趙國(guó)和韓國(guó)一起攻打知氏,趙襄子先獎(jiǎng)賞臣子然后才有戰(zhàn)果。韓非子在他的書(shū)中說(shuō),孔子贊賞趙襄子的做法,以此來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)“禮”的根本,然后在書(shū)中批駁孔子的看法,難道不像是真的嗎?然而這其實(shí)是欺騙。如何能夠證明這一點(diǎn)呢?早年我國(guó)先君在哀公十六年四月己丑日去世,直到哀公二十七年時(shí)荀瑤與韓國(guó)、趙國(guó)、魏國(guó)攻打鄭國(guó),遇到了陳恒而返回,而這時(shí)夫子已經(jīng)去世了十一年,而晉四卿都還活著。后來(lái)在悼公十四年,知氏才滅亡。這兩個(gè)事件之間相隔很久,韓非子竟然提到了它們,沒(méi)有一點(diǎn)慚愧之意。所以世上有很多無(wú)事生非的人,這都是韓非的罪過(guò)。因此我對(duì)這些旁門(mén)左道的道理保持沉默、不去聽(tīng)取諸子的言說(shuō)已經(jīng)很久了。而你卻使用以測(cè)日影的儀器來(lái)測(cè)量天空,用手指來(lái)測(cè)量深淵,失明于大道而不覺(jué)悟,相信謊言而懷疑圣人,恐怕不是我所期望的!
。ǘ┕糯(shī)歌閱讀(本題共2小題,9分)
閱讀下面這首宋詩(shī),完成下面小題。
答友人論學(xué)
林希逸
逐字箋來(lái)學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)難①,逢人個(gè)個(gè)說(shuō)曾顏②。
那知?jiǎng)兟淦っ帲辉诹鱾骺诙g。
禪要自參求印可,仙須親煉待丹還。
賣(mài)花擔(dān)上看桃李,此語(yǔ)吾今憶鶴山③。
【注】①箋:注釋。這里指研讀經(jīng)典。②曾顏:孔子的弟子曾參和顏回。③鶴山:南宋學(xué)者魏了翁,號(hào)鶴山。
15. 下列對(duì)這首詩(shī)的理解和賞析,不正確的一項(xiàng)是( )
A. 詩(shī)的首聯(lián)描述了當(dāng)時(shí)人們不畏艱難、努力學(xué)習(xí)圣人之道的學(xué)術(shù)風(fēng)氣。
B. 詩(shī)人認(rèn)為,“皮毛”之下精要思想的獲得,不能簡(jiǎn)單依靠口耳相傳。
C. 頸聯(lián)中使用“自”“親”二字,以強(qiáng)調(diào)要獲得真正學(xué)識(shí)必須親自鉆研。
D. 詩(shī)人采用類(lèi)比等方法闡明他的治學(xué)主張,使其淺近明白、通俗易懂。
16. 詩(shī)的尾聯(lián)提到魏了翁的名言:“不欲于賣(mài)花擔(dān)上看桃李,須樹(shù)頭枝底方見(jiàn)活精神也!苯Y(jié)合本詩(shī)主題,談?wù)勀銓?duì)這句話的理解。
【答案】15. A 16. ①賣(mài)花擔(dān)上的桃李,雖然也繽紛絢爛,但活力已經(jīng)不再。②唯有回歸本原,方能獲得學(xué)問(wèn)真諦,就如同在樹(shù)頭枝底欣賞桃李,方能體會(huì)到其活潑的精神。
【解析】
【15題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生理解詩(shī)歌內(nèi)容,賞析詩(shī)歌語(yǔ)言、手法的能力。
A.“不畏艱難、努力學(xué)習(xí)圣人之道的學(xué)術(shù)風(fēng)氣”錯(cuò)誤,“學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)難”表明用“逐字箋”的學(xué)習(xí)方法難以理解經(jīng)典真諦,且“逢人個(gè)個(gè)說(shuō)曾顏”也并非指努力學(xué)習(xí)圣人之道,而是諷刺當(dāng)下人們對(duì)圣人之道的學(xué)習(xí)流于表面。
故選A。
【16題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生理解詩(shī)句內(nèi)涵,把握詩(shī)歌主題的能力。
由題干可知,首先要把握魏了翁名言的意思。“不欲于賣(mài)花擔(dān)上看桃李,須樹(shù)頭枝底方見(jiàn)活精神也”是說(shuō)在樹(shù)頭枝底觀賞桃李才能體會(huì)到其活潑潑的精神狀態(tài)。
接著把握本詩(shī)尾聯(lián)的內(nèi)容并結(jié)合詩(shī)歌的主題來(lái)談自己的理解!百u(mài)花擔(dān)上看桃李,此語(yǔ)吾今憶鶴山”是說(shuō)大家在肩挑的擔(dān)子上觀看鮮花,在喧鬧的酒樓上欣賞音樂(lè),根本想象不到桃李綻放的盛況,也不可能體會(huì)到絲竹管弦的精妙。結(jié)合詩(shī)歌的標(biāo)題“答友人論學(xué)”可知,此處用“看桃李”來(lái)喻指做學(xué)問(wèn),以“樹(shù)頭枝底”來(lái)喻指學(xué)問(wèn)的本源,詩(shī)人以此說(shuō)明要想獲得學(xué)問(wèn)的真諦需要回歸本源,這就如同觀賞桃李,賣(mài)花擔(dān)上的桃李雖美,但離開(kāi)“樹(shù)頭枝底”,沒(méi)有了活力,唯有到樹(shù)頭枝底才能體會(huì)到其活潑的精神狀態(tài)。
。ㄈ┟淠瑢(xiě)(本題共1小題,6分)
17. 補(bǔ)寫(xiě)出下列句子中的空缺部分。
。1)司馬遷在《報(bào)任安書(shū)》中說(shuō),自己編寫(xiě)《史記》“________”,便遭遇了李陵之禍,因痛惜這部書(shū)不能完成,所以“__________”。
。2)《舊唐書(shū)·音樂(lè)志》記載豎箜篌“體曲而長(zhǎng),二十有二弦”,而李賀《李憑箜篌引》中“_______,_______”兩句,說(shuō)明豎箜篌的弦數(shù)還有另一種可能。
。3)小剛臨摹了一幅諸葛亮的畫(huà)像,想在上面題兩句詩(shī),卻一直沒(méi)想好。汪老師認(rèn)為不妨直接用古人成句,比如“__________,_________”就很好。
【答案】 ①. 草創(chuàng)未就 ②. 就極刑而無(wú)慍色 ③. 十二門(mén)前融冷光 ④. 二十三絲動(dòng)紫皇 ⑤. 出師未捷身先死 ⑥. 長(zhǎng)使英雄淚滿襟(出師一表真名世,千載誰(shuí)堪伯仲間)
【解析】
【詳解】本題考查學(xué)生默寫(xiě)名言名篇的能力。
考生需要注意如下字詞的書(shū)寫(xiě):“創(chuàng)”“慍”“融”“捷”“長(zhǎng)”“襟”“堪”。
三、語(yǔ)言文字運(yùn)用(20分)
。ㄒ唬┱Z(yǔ)言文字運(yùn)用I(本題共2小題,10分)
閱讀下面的文字,完成下面小題。
日常生活中,我們常常會(huì)因?yàn)橥浿匾畔⒍脨溃孟胫悄苓^(guò)目不忘該多好!其實(shí),我們更應(yīng)該慶幸 A ,因?yàn)檫z忘可以降低記憶帶來(lái)的認(rèn)知負(fù)荷,使認(rèn)知系統(tǒng)能夠更加高效地工作。而超強(qiáng)記憶力往往是以犧牲抽象、泛化能力為代價(jià)的。從下面例子中可以看出一些端倪。
有一位記者,①擁有人們只能望其項(xiàng)背的超強(qiáng)記憶力。②他雖然能輕松地記住一長(zhǎng)串?dāng)?shù)字,③卻發(fā)現(xiàn)不了其中的規(guī)律;④他腦海里充滿各種孤立的事實(shí),⑤卻不能歸納出一些模式將它們組織起來(lái)。⑥這促使他不能理解隱喻等修辭手法,⑦甚至復(fù)雜一點(diǎn)的句子。⑧記憶大師奧布萊恩曾多次獲得世界記憶錦標(biāo)賽冠軍,⑨雖然他的閱讀理解能力比常人低很多,⑩聽(tīng)課的時(shí)候也很難集中注意力。也許正是犧牲了一部分記憶,我們才有了獨(dú)一無(wú)二的歸納和抽象思維能力。
網(wǎng)絡(luò)時(shí)代,我們沒(méi)有辦法也沒(méi)有必要 B ,畢竟互聯(lián)網(wǎng)隨時(shí)可以幫我們查閱。不過(guò)我們也不能過(guò)于依賴互聯(lián)網(wǎng),像互聯(lián)網(wǎng)可以解決所有問(wèn)題似的。通過(guò)一些訓(xùn)練提升記憶力,也一直是我們孜孜以求的目標(biāo)。
18. 請(qǐng)?jiān)谖闹挟?huà)橫線處補(bǔ)寫(xiě)恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z(yǔ)句,使整段文字語(yǔ)意完整連貫,內(nèi)容貼切,邏輯嚴(yán)密,每處不超過(guò)10個(gè)字。
19. 文中第二段有三處表述不當(dāng),請(qǐng)指出其序號(hào)并做修改,使語(yǔ)言表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確流暢,邏輯嚴(yán)密。不得改變?cè)狻?/p>
【答案】18. A:自己擁有遺忘的能力
B:記住所有的信息 19. 語(yǔ)句①可修改為:擁有人們難以望其項(xiàng)背的超強(qiáng)記憶力。語(yǔ)句⑥可修改為:這導(dǎo)致他不能理解隱喻等修辭手法。語(yǔ)句⑨可修改為:但是他的閱讀理解能力比常人低很多。
【解析】
【18題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生語(yǔ)言表達(dá)之情境補(bǔ)寫(xiě)的能力。
A處,由“因?yàn)橥浿匾畔⒍脨,幻想著要是能過(guò)目不忘該多好啊”可知,我們希望擁有過(guò)目不忘的能力,而“其實(shí)”意味著前面的認(rèn)識(shí)是不正確的,因此我們應(yīng)該慶幸的是自己擁有與過(guò)目不忘相對(duì)的能力,根據(jù)后面的“因?yàn)檫z忘可以……”可知,此處可填“自己擁有遺忘的能力”之類(lèi)的內(nèi)容。
B處,此處所在的句子是在前文的基礎(chǔ)上得出的結(jié)論,前文說(shuō)遺忘是有好處的,再結(jié)合橫線前的“沒(méi)有辦法也沒(méi)有必要”和后文“畢竟互聯(lián)網(wǎng)隨時(shí)可以幫我們查閱”,可知此處是說(shuō)我們沒(méi)必要記住所有的信息,故此處應(yīng)填“記住所有的信息”之類(lèi)的內(nèi)容。
【19題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生正確使用詞語(yǔ)以及辨析修改病句的能力。
、偬,“望其項(xiàng)背”指能夠望見(jiàn)別人的頸的后部和脊背,表示趕得上或比得上,多用于否定式,故可將“只能”改為“難以”。⑥處,“這促使他不能理解隱喻等修辭手法”搭配不當(dāng),“不能理解隱喻等修辭手法”是這位記者擁有超強(qiáng)記憶力的代價(jià),“促使”意為推動(dòng)使達(dá)到一定目的,用在語(yǔ)境中不合適,故應(yīng)將“促使”改為“導(dǎo)致”。“導(dǎo)致”,引起,造成(常用于不好的結(jié)果)。
、崽,“記憶大師奧布萊恩曾多次獲得世界記憶錦標(biāo)賽冠軍”和“他的閱讀理解能力比常人低很多”是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,故應(yīng)將“雖然”改為“但是”。
。ǘ┱Z(yǔ)言文字運(yùn)用II(本題共3小題,10分)
閱讀下面的文字,完成下面小題。
天是越來(lái)越冷了,祥子似乎沒(méi)覺(jué)到。心中有了一定的主意,眼前便增多了光明;在光明中不會(huì)覺(jué)得寒冷。地上初見(jiàn)冰凌,連便道上的土都凝固起來(lái),處處顯出干燥,結(jié)實(shí),黑土的顏色已微微發(fā)些黃,像已把潮氣散盡。特別是在一清早,被大車(chē)軋起的土棱上鑲著幾條霜邊,小風(fēng)尖溜溜的把早霞吹散,露出極高極藍(lán)極爽快的天;祥子愿意早早的拉車(chē)跑一趟,涼風(fēng)颼進(jìn)他的袖口,使他全身像洗冷水澡似的一哆嗦,一痛快。有時(shí)候起了狂風(fēng),把他打得出不來(lái)氣,①可是他低著頭,咬著牙,向前鉆,像一條浮著逆水的大魚(yú);風(fēng)越大,他的抵抗也越大,似乎是和狂風(fēng)決一死戰(zhàn)。猛的一股風(fēng)頂?shù)盟覆怀鰵猓陂]住口,半天,打出一個(gè)嗝,仿佛是在水里扎了一個(gè)猛子。打出這個(gè)嗝,他繼續(xù)往前奔走,往前沖進(jìn),沒(méi)有任何東西能阻止住這個(gè)巨人;他全身的筋肉沒(méi)有一處松懈,像被螞蟻圍攻的綠蟲(chóng),全身?yè)u動(dòng)著抵御。這一身汗!等到放下車(chē),直一直腰,吐出一口長(zhǎng)氣,抹去嘴角的黃沙,他覺(jué)得他是無(wú)敵的,他剛從風(fēng)里出來(lái),風(fēng)并沒(méi)能把他怎樣了!
20. 文中有三個(gè)重疊形式“處處、微微、早早”,說(shuō)說(shuō)它們和“處、微、早”相比,語(yǔ)意上各自有什么不同。
21. 對(duì)文學(xué)作品來(lái)說(shuō),標(biāo)點(diǎn)標(biāo)示的停頓,有時(shí)很有表現(xiàn)力。文中有兩處畫(huà)橫線部分,請(qǐng)任選一處,分析其中的逗號(hào)是怎樣增強(qiáng)表現(xiàn)力的。
22. 語(yǔ)言文字運(yùn)用I和II中畫(huà)波浪線部分,都有“像……似的”,說(shuō)說(shuō)二者表意上的不同。
(1)不過(guò)我們也不能過(guò)于依賴互聯(lián)網(wǎng),像互聯(lián)網(wǎng)可以解決所有問(wèn)題似的。
。2)使他全身像洗冷水澡似的一哆嗦,一痛快。
【答案】20. ①三個(gè)重疊詞語(yǔ)“處處,微微、早早”與“處、微、早”相比,語(yǔ)意得到了強(qiáng)化;②“處處”是“到處”的意思,比“處”范圍更廣,能突出地面的干燥、結(jié)實(shí);③“微微”表示程度不深,比“微”程度更輕,能表現(xiàn)出黃色之淺;④“早早”意為很早,比“早”更突出祥子拉車(chē)的時(shí)間之早。
21. 示例一:①處,兩個(gè)逗號(hào)將“低著頭”“咬著牙”“向前鉆”三個(gè)動(dòng)作分隔開(kāi)來(lái),敘述完每個(gè)動(dòng)作后進(jìn)行停頓,突出了祥子拉車(chē)的艱難吃力。
示例二:②處的兩個(gè)逗號(hào)將時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“半天”獨(dú)立出來(lái),起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用,突出“閉住口”的時(shí)間之長(zhǎng),凸顯了狂風(fēng)的猛烈和祥子在狂風(fēng)中堅(jiān)持拉車(chē)的痛苦與窘態(tài)。
22. ①“像互聯(lián)網(wǎng)可以解決所有問(wèn)題似的”的意思是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)并不能解決所有的問(wèn)題,“像……似的”表示看似是,但其實(shí)不是,總體上表示否定。②“像洗冷水澡似的”是打比方,表示“涼風(fēng)颼進(jìn)他的袖口”的感覺(jué)就如同“洗冷水澡”一樣,“像……似的”表示“與……相似”。
【解析】
【20題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生鑒賞語(yǔ)言表達(dá)效果的能力。
由題干可知,考生需要先明確疊詞的效果,如音韻美、畫(huà)面美、渲染強(qiáng)化、描摹性。文中三個(gè)重疊形式“處處、微微、早早”顯然比“處、微、早”在語(yǔ)意表達(dá)上更能強(qiáng)化文意。
然后結(jié)合各自的語(yǔ)境分析。如“處處”,意思是“到處”“各個(gè)地方”“所有地方”,文中“處處顯出干燥,結(jié)實(shí)”是說(shuō)便道上到處都是干燥、結(jié)實(shí)的,而“處”意為某個(gè)地方,“處處”顯然比“處”的范圍廣。如“微微”,意思是稍微,表示數(shù)量不多或程度不深,是程度副詞,兩個(gè)“微”疊用形容程度更輕,文中“黑土的顏色已微微發(fā)些黃”是說(shuō)黑土發(fā)黃的色彩很淺,在程度上比“微”更輕。如“早早”,比常時(shí)為早,很早,是時(shí)間副詞,文中“祥子愿意早早的拉車(chē)跑一趟”是說(shuō)祥子拉車(chē)的時(shí)間很早,兩個(gè)“早”疊用比“早”更能凸顯時(shí)間之早。
【21題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生鑒賞標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的作用的能力。
由題干可知,考生需要從兩句中任選一句分析逗號(hào)的表現(xiàn)力。
、偬,“可是他低著頭,咬著牙,向前鉆”描述祥子在狂風(fēng)中拉車(chē)的狀態(tài),“低著頭”“咬著牙”“向前鉆”是祥子逆著狂風(fēng)拉車(chē)時(shí)的動(dòng)作,敘述時(shí)如果中間不做停頓或僅用頓號(hào)做停頓便會(huì)顯得動(dòng)作連貫,減弱祥子拉車(chē)的艱難吃力感,但用兩個(gè)逗號(hào)將三個(gè)動(dòng)作分隔開(kāi)來(lái)做較長(zhǎng)的停頓,則更能夠顯出祥子拉車(chē)的艱難吃力。
、谔帲伴]住口,半天,打出一個(gè)嗝”是祥子在狂風(fēng)中的狀態(tài),使用兩個(gè)逗號(hào)將“半天”從句子中獨(dú)立出來(lái),使這一時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)更加突出醒目,強(qiáng)調(diào)祥子在狂風(fēng)下“透不出氣”“閉住口”的時(shí)間之長(zhǎng),而忍了半天才打出一個(gè)嗝,也凸顯出祥子在狂風(fēng)中堅(jiān)持拉車(chē)的痛苦與窘態(tài)。
【22題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生鑒賞語(yǔ)言表達(dá)效果的能力。
分析兩處“像……似的”的含義﹐需先結(jié)合畫(huà)波浪線句的前后句分析其所在句子的意思﹐然后對(duì)比品味二者表意上的不同。
。1)根據(jù)“我們也不能過(guò)于依賴互聯(lián)網(wǎng)”可知,互聯(lián)網(wǎng)不能解決所有問(wèn)題,故此處的“像……似的”具有否定意味,表示我們不能過(guò)于依賴互聯(lián)網(wǎng),互聯(lián)網(wǎng)不能解決所有問(wèn)題,此處的“像……似的”表示看似是,但其實(shí)不是。
。2)結(jié)合前文“涼風(fēng)颼進(jìn)他的袖口”可知,祥子此時(shí)全身冷得像洗了冷水澡一樣,“使他全身像洗冷水澡似的”使用了打比方的手法,“像……似的”表示“與……相似”,表述更加形象。
四、寫(xiě)作(60分)
23. 閱讀下面的材料,根據(jù)要求寫(xiě)作。
好的故事,可以幫我們更好地表達(dá)和溝通,可以觸動(dòng)心靈、啟迪智慧;好的故事,可以改變一個(gè)人的命運(yùn),可以展現(xiàn)一個(gè)民族的形象……故事是有力量的。
以上材料引發(fā)了你怎樣的聯(lián)想和思考?請(qǐng)寫(xiě)一篇文章。
要求:選準(zhǔn)角度,確定立意,明確文體,自擬標(biāo)題;不要套作,不得抄襲;不得泄露個(gè)人信息;不少于800字。
【解析】
【詳解】本題考查學(xué)生寫(xiě)作的能力。
審題:
這是一則引語(yǔ)式材料作文題。
材料比較簡(jiǎn)單,由兩句話構(gòu)成。第一句話從兩個(gè)角度指出好的故事的價(jià)值和意義:從淺層次的角度來(lái)說(shuō),有利于溝通,引人思索;從深層次的角度來(lái)說(shuō),可以改變個(gè)人命運(yùn),展現(xiàn)民族形象;省略號(hào),給考生留下了很大的思維拓展空間。最后一句話歸納概括,指出故事是有力量的。
材料中的兩句話構(gòu)成總分關(guān)系,第二句話是對(duì)第一句話的歸納總結(jié),可見(jiàn)材料的主旨句是“故事是有力量的”,考生可以圍繞這一句話展開(kāi)思索。首先考生必須明確的是,“故事”可以是古人的、他人的、已有的,也可以是今人的、自己的、創(chuàng)造出來(lái)的。這里的故事主要指的是“好的故事”。什么樣的故事是好的故事,是有力量的故事?這個(gè)需要辯證看待。能夠給人正面引領(lǐng)的、有積極暗示的、引人向上的、注入正能量的、帶來(lái)無(wú)限希望的、激發(fā)創(chuàng)造力的、具有哲理性的故事,是有力量的好故事。反之,有負(fù)面影響的、有消極暗示的、引人向惡的、充滿負(fù)能量的、頹廢喪氣的故事,是有力量的壞故事。若能把壞故事作為警醒世人或自己的反面教材,壞故事也能變成有力量的好故事。為什么好故事是有力量的?因?yàn)橛械墓适录挠柚篮玫脑竿,能給人帶來(lái)希望,激發(fā)人的自信心和創(chuàng)造力。有的故事是很好的示范和引領(lǐng),能寓教于樂(lè),利于表達(dá)和溝通,促進(jìn)人們積極向上,完善自我,甚至改變一個(gè)人乃至一個(gè)國(guó)家、一個(gè)民族的命運(yùn)。有的故事具有警示作用,告誡人們引以為戒,不重蹈他人覆轍。有的故事富有哲理性,內(nèi)涵豐富,能引人深思,促人自省。有的故事感人至深,能觸動(dòng)人們內(nèi)心美好的情感,引人向善。力量就體現(xiàn)在好故事的吸引力、影響力、改造力和爆發(fā)力上。那么,我們?nèi)绾沃v好故事,讓好故事的力量發(fā)揮出來(lái)呢?首先我們可以取其精華,棄其糟粕。用故事中正面向上的內(nèi)容完善自我,激勵(lì)他人,引領(lǐng)社會(huì)。用其中負(fù)面糟粕的部分,提醒自我,告誡他人,警示社會(huì)。其次,我們還可以將好故事推廣開(kāi)來(lái),讓更多的人聽(tīng)到看到,倡導(dǎo)人們揚(yáng)其長(zhǎng)避其短,擴(kuò)大其影響力和輻射面。再次,“講”的內(nèi)涵可以是用語(yǔ)言講述,可以是用行動(dòng)去創(chuàng)造。新時(shí)代的青年,要懂得書(shū)寫(xiě)自己的故事,書(shū)寫(xiě)這個(gè)時(shí)代的故事,用這些好故事去改變他人,影響社會(huì),美化祖國(guó),提高國(guó)民素養(yǎng)。
從“聯(lián)想和思考”可知,文體可以是記敘文或議論文。若寫(xiě)記敘文,考生選材要緊緊圍繞“故事”展開(kāi),或是書(shū)寫(xiě)自己的故事,或是講述他人的好故事,寫(xiě)人敘事中可以運(yùn)用細(xì)節(jié)刻畫(huà)、心理描寫(xiě)、對(duì)比襯托等多種手法。來(lái)凸顯好故事帶來(lái)的改變,體現(xiàn)其影響力。結(jié)尾可以通過(guò)人物之口,卒章顯志,點(diǎn)出好故事的力量。若寫(xiě)議論文,考生可以運(yùn)用層進(jìn)式結(jié)構(gòu),論述什么樣的故事是好故事,為什么好故事是有力量的,我們應(yīng)該如何講好故事。也可以運(yùn)用并列式或?qū)舆M(jìn)式結(jié)構(gòu),選取其中一個(gè)點(diǎn)來(lái)論述。
立意:
1.好故事潤(rùn)物細(xì)無(wú)聲。
2.好故事,于說(shuō)中顯魅力,于聽(tīng)中得力量。
3.做聽(tīng)故事的人,更做有故事的人。
4.會(huì)聽(tīng)故事,亦善寫(xiě)故事。
2023年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試(新課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)
英語(yǔ)學(xué)科
本試卷共12頁(yè)?荚嚱Y(jié)束后, 將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。
注意事項(xiàng): 1. 答題前, 考生先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)碼填寫(xiě)清楚, 將條形碼準(zhǔn)確粘貼在考生信息條形碼粘貼區(qū)。
2. 選擇題必須使用2B鉛筆填涂; 非選擇題必須使用0.5毫米黑色字跡的簽字筆書(shū)寫(xiě), 字體工整、筆跡清楚。
3. 請(qǐng)按照題號(hào)順序在答題卡各題目的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)作答, 超出答題區(qū)域書(shū)寫(xiě)的答案無(wú)效; 在草稿紙、試卷上答題無(wú)效。
4. 作圖可先使用鉛筆畫(huà)出, 確定后必須用黑色字跡的簽字筆描黑。
5. 保持卡面清潔, 不要折疊, 不要弄破、弄皺, 不準(zhǔn)使用涂改液、修正帶、刮紙刀。
英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力
注意事項(xiàng): 英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力共兩節(jié), 20小題, 每小題1.5分, 滿分30分。
第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié), 滿分30分)
做題時(shí), 先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后, 你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。
第一節(jié)(共5小題; 每小題1.5分, 滿分7.5分)
聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題, 從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后, 你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。
例: How much is the shirt?
A. 19.15. B. 9.18. C. 9.15.
答案是C。
1. 【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻,請(qǐng)去附件查看】
What will Jack probably do this weekend?
A. Go camping. B. Visit a friend. C. Watch a film.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: Jack, are you going camping with your friends this weekend?
M: It depends. If it’s sunny, we’ll go.
W: The weatherman says it’s going to rain.
M: In that case, we’ll go to the cinema instead.
2. 【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻,請(qǐng)去附件查看】
What does the woman ask the man to do?
A. Take care of her bags.
B. Pack the food for her.
C. Check the train schedule.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: Excuse me, could you mind my bags for a moment? I want to buy some food at the convenience store.
M: No problem. But be quick. It was announced that my train would arrive in 10 minutes.
3. 【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻,請(qǐng)去附件查看】
When will the man see Bob?
A. This Friday. B. This Saturday. C. Next Monday.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】W:Bob came out of hospital last Friday. Have you got a chance to visit him?
M: I plan to see him this Saturday.
W: Aren’t you going to the conference then?
M: No. It has been rescheduled for next Monday.
4. 【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻,請(qǐng)去附件查看】
Why does the man apologize?
A. For the terrible food.
B. For the overcharge.
C. For the waiter’s rudeness.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: Sorry, Miss. We made a terrible mistake adding up the bill. Here is the ten dollars we have to return to you.
W: Oh, I didn’t notice that. It’s OK. Don’t blame the waiter. He’s been really nice.
5. 【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻,請(qǐng)去附件查看】
What are the speakers talking about?
A. Writing a book. B. Holding a celebration. C. Buying a present.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: Do you think we should get Steve a book for the new year?
M: Books are good. But Steve wouldn’t take just any book. He has had this particular one on geography.
第二節(jié)(共15小題; 每小題1.5分, 滿分22.5分)
聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題, 從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前, 你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題, 每小題5秒鐘; 聽(tīng)完后, 各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。
聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話,回答以下小題!敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻,請(qǐng)去附件查看】
6. Why does Sara make the phone call?
A. To ask for advice. B. To arrange an outing. C. To cancel an appointment.
7 What does David want to do?
A. Go to a dinner party. B. Talk to Sara in person. C. Work on the new case.
【答案】6. C 7. B
【解析】
【原文】M: Hello, Sara.
W: Hello, David. I can’t come for dinner tonight. Sorry.
M: Oh, what happened?
W: We’ve got a new case and things get pretty crazy here in the office.
M: Well, then I’ll come to you.
W: No, no, not tonight. Let me see if I can arrange another night.
M: Sara, please. We need to talk. It’s about my job.
W: Then tell me on the phone.
M: No, it’s better if we do it in person. How about tomorrow night?
W: I’m not sure. You can give me a call tomorrow afternoon.
M: OK.
聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話,回答以下小題!敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻,請(qǐng)去附件查看】
8. Where is Jim now?
A. In a taxi. B. On a bus. C. In his office.
9. What is the woman’s suggestion?
A. Going to the city center.
B. Taking a short cut home.
C. Meeting Jim in the park.
【答案】8. A 9. B
【解析】
【原文】W: Jim will call on us this afternoon. Do you know where he is now?
M: Er... wait. Let me see. He has sent two messages saying that he’s done with his work at the office and got a taxi and... and he’ll arrive in twenty minutes.
W: We can’t keep him waiting outside our home. We have to hurry.
M: But it takes at least half an hour to get to the city center by bus. Look at the traffic.
W: Let’s get off. We can save at least twenty minutes by walking through the park.
M: Are you sure?
W: Yes. A hundred percent.
聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話,回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻,請(qǐng)去附件查看】
10. What did Clara do at the weekend?
A. She planted vegetables.
B. She went to a yard sale.
C. She visited her grandpa.
11. What did Mark find inside one of the books he bought?
A. A plane ticket. B. A family photo. C. A post card.
12. Where does Mark live?
A. Los Angeles. B. Chicago. C. Philadelphia.
13. What is the relationship between Mark and Ashley?
A. Brother and sister. B. Husband and wife. C. Father and daughter.
【答案】10. C 11. A 12. C 13. A
【解析】
【原文】W: Morning, Mark.
M: Morning, Clara. How was your weekend?
W: Great. I went to my grandpa’s. He invited us to pick vegetables on his farm. My daughter had a great time there. What about you?
M: Oh, I had a truly incredible experience. I dropped by a yard sale on Saturday and got several books.
W: Novels?
M: A novel and two poetry collections. As I leafed through the novel, a piece of paper fell out. It was an air ticket from 2012. The flight was from Los Angeles to Chicago and the name on the ticket was Ashley Louis.
W: Was it?
M: Yes. Ashley, my sister. In 2012, she lived in Los Angeles and her husband worked in Chicago. Both of them often flew between two cities. I asked the seller where he got the book. He said it was bought at a second-hand bookstore in Los Angeles three years ago. Last year, he and his family moved from Los Angeles to Philadelphia.
W: So, all the way across the country, your sister’s old book landed in your hands. That’s really crazy.
聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話,回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻,請(qǐng)去附件查看】
14. What is probably the woman?
A. A teacher. B. A journalist. C. An athlete.
15. What does Victor find difficult as a member of the basketball team?
A. Adapting himself to the intense training.
B. Dealing with the pressure from the coach.
C. Regaining the skills learned in high school.
16. What does Victor say about the players on the team?
A. They are of the same age.
B. They are similar in character.
C. They are from different countries.
17. How does Victor feel about his team now?
A. It’s about to break up. B. It’s the best in Indiana. C. It’s getting stronger.
【答案】14. B 15. A 16. C 17. C
【解析】
【原文】W: Victor, you’ve been here in Indiana for six weeks now. How are you feeling?
M: I think I’ve got used to college life, going to classes, working out and hanging out with my friends. Though there’s pressure to meet deadlines, life here is never boring.
W: What’s been hard about being an Indianan basketball player?
M: Well, the training is very competitive, weightlifting and running every day. It’s not like high school. In high school, I really didn’t have to do that. I’m just trying to get used to it. And I think I am.
W: At this point, how do you see yourself fitting into this group?
M: I think we’re all different. George is from Britain. Chris and Leo are from Australia. I’m from France. And the rest are Americans. But I get along with everybody. You know, we are really starting to bond. It’s great to see how we grow each day as a team.
W: Thanks, Victor. I wish you a very happy and fruitful stay in Indiana.
聽(tīng)下面一段獨(dú)白,回答以下小題!敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻,請(qǐng)去附件查看】
18. Who is Tom Hokinson?
A. Founder of a magazine. B. Publisher of a novel. C. Editor of a newspaper.
19. What do we know about the content of The Idler?
A. It’s old-fashioned. B. It’s wide-ranging. C. It’s student-targeted.
20. Why does the speaker give the talk?
A. To do a promotion. B. To discuss an issue. C. To introduce a lecturer.
【答案】18. A 19. B 20. C
【解析】
【原文】W: Good evening, dear listeners. When was the last time you enjoyed leisure activities? Do you want to live a full and happy life? Today, I’m going to introduce to you a magazine that features the art of living. The Idler was launched by Tom Hodgkinson, back in 1993. With the intention of providing a bit of fun, freedom and achievement in the busy world, it is now published bimonthly. In every issue, you will find an interesting mix of interviews and essays on the good life, history, philosophy, arts and fashion photography. You will find much to laugh at and much useful stuff as well, from recipes for making bacon to guides to housekeeping. If you ever felt that there is more to life than boring jobs, then why not subscribe to it? The Idler is a cheering read that makes you feel better about life. You can download the application and subscribe today to get your first issue free.
第二部分 閱讀(共兩節(jié), 滿分50分)
第一節(jié)(共15小題; 每小題2.5分, 滿分37.5分)
閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
A
Yellowstone National Park offers a variety of ranger programs throughout the park, and throughout the year. The following are descriptions of the ranger programs this summer.
Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone (May 26 to September 2)
Whether you’re hiking a backcountry trail (小徑), camping, or just enjoying the park’s amazing wildlife from the road, this quick workshop is for you and your family. Learn where to look for animals and how to safely enjoy your wildlife watching experience. Meet at the Canyon Village Store.
Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 to August 21)
Kids can test their skills and compare their abilities to the animals of Yellowstone. Stay for as little or as long as your plans allow. Meet in front of the Visitor Education Center.
Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to September 2)
From a classic viewpoint, enjoy Lower Falls, the Yellowstone River, and the breathtaking colors of the canyon (峽谷) while learning about the area’s natural and human history. Discover why artists and photographers continue to be drawn to this special place. Meet on the lower platform at Artist Point on the South Rim Drive for this short talk.
Photography Workshops (June 19 & July 10)
Enhance your photography skills — join Yellowstone’s park photographer for a hands-on program to inspire new and creative ways of enjoying the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone.
6/19 — Waterfalls &Wide Angles: meet at Artist Point
7/10 — Wildflowers &White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.
21. Which of the four programs begins the earliest?
A. Photography Workshops. B. Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics.
C. Canyon Talks at Artist Point. D. Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone.
22. What is the short talk at Artist Point about?
A. Works of famous artists. B. Protection of wild animals.
C. Basic photography skills. D. History of the canyon area.
23. Where will the participants meet for the July 10 photography workshop?
A. Artist Point. B. Washburn Trailhead.
C. Canyon Village Store. D. Visitor Education Center.
【答案】21. D 22. D 23. B
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了黃石國(guó)家公園提供的幾項(xiàng)護(hù)林員項(xiàng)目。
【21題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)每個(gè)項(xiàng)目后的時(shí)間“Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone (May 26 to September 2) (在黃石體驗(yàn)野生動(dòng)物(5月26日至9月2日))”和“Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 to August 21) (少年游騎兵野生動(dòng)物奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)(6月5日至8月21日))”與“Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to September 2) (在Artist Point的峽谷會(huì)談(6月9日至9月2日))”以及“Photography Workshops (June 19 & July 10) (攝影研討會(huì)(6月19日和7月10日))”可知,四個(gè)項(xiàng)目中在黃石體驗(yàn)野生動(dòng)物開(kāi)始的時(shí)間最早。故選D。
【22題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to September 2) (在Artist Point的峽谷會(huì)談(6月9日至9月2日))部分中的“From a classic viewpoint, enjoy Lower Falls, the Yellowstone River, and the breathtaking colors of the canyon (峽谷) while learning about the area’s natural and human history. (從一個(gè)經(jīng)典的視角,欣賞下瀑布、黃石河和峽谷的壯麗色彩,同時(shí)了解該地區(qū)的自然和人類(lèi)歷史)”可知,在Artist Point的簡(jiǎn)短演講主題是關(guān)于峽谷地區(qū)的歷史的。故選D。
【23題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“Photography Workshops (June 19 & July 10) (攝影研討會(huì)(6月19日和7月10日))”部分中的“7/10 — Wildflowers &White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area. (7/10——Wildflowers &White Balance:在奇滕登停車(chē)場(chǎng)的Washburn Trailhead舉行)”可知,7月10日的攝影研討會(huì)將在Washburn Trailhead舉行。故選B。
【點(diǎn)睛】
B
Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.
Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.
Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says.
She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”
24. What do we know about Abby Jaramillo?
A. She used to be a health worker. B. She grew up in a low-income family.
C. She owns a fast food restaurant. D. She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts.
25. What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program?
A. The kids’ parents distrusted her. B. Students had little time for her classes.
C. Some kids disliked garden work. D. There was no space for school gardens.
26. Which of the following best describes the impact of the program?
A. Far-reaching. B. Predictable.
C. Short-lived. D. Unidentifiable.
27. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Rescuing School Gardens B. Experiencing Country Life
C. Growing Vegetable Lovers D. Changing Local Landscape
【答案】24 D 25. C 26. A 27. C
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是記敘文。文章主要講述了Abby Jaramillo等老師在低收入學(xué)校發(fā)起的培養(yǎng)學(xué)生科學(xué)能力,環(huán)保意識(shí)以及健康生活方式的Urban Sprouts花園項(xiàng)目,讓學(xué)生種植蔬菜,對(duì)學(xué)生影響深遠(yuǎn)。
【24題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools.(起初是這樣的,艾比·哈拉米洛說(shuō),她和另一位老師在四所低收入學(xué)校啟動(dòng)了“Urban Sprouts”學(xué);▓@項(xiàng)目。)”可知,艾比·哈拉米洛是Urban Sprouts的發(fā)起者。故選D。
【25題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.(她說(shuō)!八麄儊(lái)找我們,認(rèn)為蔬菜很可怕,泥土很可怕,昆蟲(chóng)也很可怕。”雖然有些人一開(kāi)始害怕昆蟲(chóng),對(duì)泥土感到厭煩,但大多數(shù)人都渴望嘗試新的東西。)”可知,項(xiàng)目之初,一些學(xué)生不喜歡園藝工作。故選C。
【26題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”(她補(bǔ)充說(shuō),該計(jì)劃的好處不僅僅是營(yíng)養(yǎng)。有些學(xué)生對(duì)園藝非常感興趣,他們帶回家種子開(kāi)始自己的菜園。此外,在花園里工作似乎對(duì)Jaramillo的特殊教育學(xué)生有鎮(zhèn)靜作用,他們中的許多人都有情緒控制問(wèn)題!八麄冏吡顺鋈ィ彼f(shuō),“他們覺(jué)得成功。”)”可知,這個(gè)項(xiàng)目不僅給學(xué)生提供了有營(yíng)養(yǎng)的食物,而且許多學(xué)生回家開(kāi)創(chuàng)了自己的菜園,對(duì)有情緒控制問(wèn)題的學(xué)生也起到了鎮(zhèn)靜作用,從而推知,該項(xiàng)目的影響是深遠(yuǎn)的。故選A。
【27題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段的“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.(起初是這樣的,艾比·哈拉米洛說(shuō),她和另一位老師在四所低收入學(xué)校啟動(dòng)了“Urban Sprouts”學(xué);▓@項(xiàng)目。該項(xiàng)目旨在幫助學(xué)生培養(yǎng)科學(xué)技能、環(huán)保意識(shí)和健康的生活方式。)”和最后一段的“Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens.(一些學(xué)生對(duì)園藝非常感興趣,于是他們把種子帶回家,開(kāi)始種自己的菜園)”以及下文內(nèi)容可知,文章主要講述了Abby Jaramillo等老師在低收入學(xué)校發(fā)起的培養(yǎng)學(xué)生科學(xué)能力,環(huán)保意識(shí)以及健康生活方式的Urban Sprouts花園項(xiàng)目,讓學(xué)生種植蔬菜,對(duì)學(xué)生影響深遠(yuǎn)。因此推斷C項(xiàng)“蔬菜種植愛(ài)好者”符合文意,最適合作為本文標(biāo)題。故選C。
C
Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object — the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists’ representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.
In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描繪) alone in many settings and poses —absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to.
Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect (才智), wealth or faith of the subject. Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right. More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks — transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.
Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity.
28. Where is the text most probably taken from?
A. An introduction to a book. B. An essay on the art of writing.
C. A guidebook to a museum. D. A review of modern paintings.
29. What are the selected artworks about?
A. Wealth and intellect. B. Home and school.
C. Books and reading. D. Work and leisure.
30. What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Understand. B. Paint.
C. Seize. D. Transform.
31. What does the author want to say by mentioning the e-reader?
A. The printed book is not totally out of date.
B. Technology has changed the way we read.
C. Our lives in the 21st century are networked.
D. People now rarely have the patience to read.
【答案】28. A 29. C 30. A 31. A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章是對(duì)一本書(shū)的介紹,主要介紹了印刷書(shū)籍和閱讀對(duì)人類(lèi)的重要意義。
【28題詳解】
推理判斷題。In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. (在這本“書(shū)之書(shū)”中,藝術(shù)品的選擇和排列方式強(qiáng)調(diào)了不同時(shí)代和文化之間的聯(lián)系)”以及第三段“Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect, wealth or faith of the subject. (書(shū)籍本身可以在繪畫(huà)中象征性地用來(lái)展示智慧,主體的財(cái)富或信仰)”和最后一段“From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader. (從21世紀(jì)的角度來(lái)看,這本印刷書(shū)無(wú)疑是古老的,但它仍然像任何電池供電的電子閱讀器一樣具有互動(dòng)性)”可推知,本文最有可能出自一本印刷書(shū)的扉頁(yè),即對(duì)該書(shū)的介紹。故選A。
【29題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。通過(guò)文章第二段“artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. (藝術(shù)品的選擇和排列方式強(qiáng)調(diào)了不同時(shí)代和文化之間的聯(lián)系。我們看到孩子們?cè)诩依锘驅(qū)W校學(xué)習(xí)閱讀的場(chǎng)景,這本書(shū)是幾代人之間關(guān)系的焦點(diǎn))”可知,選定的藝術(shù)品是關(guān)于書(shū)籍和閱讀的。故選C。
【30題詳解】
詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線詞上文“artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. (藝術(shù)品的選擇和排列方式強(qiáng)調(diào)了不同時(shí)代和文化之間的聯(lián)系。我們看到孩子們?cè)诩依锘驅(qū)W校學(xué)習(xí)閱讀的場(chǎng)景,這本書(shū)是幾代人之間關(guān)系的焦點(diǎn))”以及“These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments (這些場(chǎng)景可能是數(shù)百年前繪制的,但它們記錄了一些時(shí)刻)”可推知,此處指書(shū)籍是人類(lèi)之間相互聯(lián)系和理解的紐帶,故與畫(huà)線短語(yǔ)“relate to”意思最相近的為A項(xiàng)“理解、認(rèn)識(shí)到”。故選A。
【31題詳解】
推理判斷題。通過(guò)文章最后一段“it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader (它仍然像任何電池供電的電子閱讀器一樣具有互動(dòng)性)”以及“printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity (印刷書(shū)籍仍然提供了完全私人的“離線”活動(dòng)的機(jī)會(huì))”可推知,本文作者提到電子閱讀器想表達(dá)的是印刷書(shū)籍并沒(méi)有完全過(guò)時(shí)。故選A。
D
As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.
Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being.
The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding (編碼) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant’s experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “l(fā)istening to waves.”
Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.
“We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study.
32. What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text?
A. Pocket parks are now popular. B. Wild nature is hard to find in cities.
C. Many cities are overpopulated. D. People enjoy living close to nature.
33. Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories?
A. To compare different types of park-goers. B. To explain why the park attracts tourists.
C. To analyze the main features of the park. D. To find patterns in the visitors’ summaries.
34. What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 5?
A. Walking is the best way to gain access to nature.
B. Young people are too busy to interact with nature.
C. The same nature experience takes different forms.
D. The nature language enhances work performance.
35. What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn?
A. Language study. B. Environmental conservation.
C. Public education. D. Intercultural communication.
【答案】32. B 33. D 34. C 35. B
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。城市化讓人們?cè)絹?lái)越難以接觸到自然,但一項(xiàng)新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)城市中的野生自然對(duì)人類(lèi)健康和幸福感具有重要影響。研究團(tuán)隊(duì)對(duì)一座大型城市公園的游客進(jìn)行調(diào)查,發(fā)現(xiàn)與野生自然的互動(dòng)可以創(chuàng)造出一種可用的語(yǔ)言,幫助人們認(rèn)識(shí)和參與最令人滿意和有意義的活動(dòng)。該研究呼吁保護(hù)城市中的野生自然。
【32題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容“As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.(隨著城市的飛速發(fā)展,生活在城市地區(qū)的人們?cè)絹?lái)越難以接近大自然。如果你幸運(yùn)的話,你住的地方附近可能會(huì)有一個(gè)袖珍公園,但在城市里找到相對(duì)天然的地方是罕見(jiàn)的)”可知,文章開(kāi)頭作者講述了一種現(xiàn)象,在城市里,人們很難找到野生的自然。故選B。
【33題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding (編碼) experiences into different categories. (他們調(diào)查了數(shù)百名公園游客,要求他們?cè)诰W(wǎng)上提交一份書(shū)面總結(jié),描述他們?cè)诠珗@里與大自然有意義的互動(dòng)。然后,研究人員檢查了這些提交的信息,將體驗(yàn)分為不同的類(lèi)別)”可知,研究人員按照公園游客提交的在公園里與大自然互動(dòng)的活動(dòng)把游客分類(lèi),再根據(jù)第四段“Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. (在這320份提交的作品中,一種被研究人員稱為“自然語(yǔ)言”的分類(lèi)模式開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)。在對(duì)所有提交的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行編碼后,有六個(gè)類(lèi)別被認(rèn)為對(duì)游客最重要)”可知,研究人員對(duì)參與者提交的.內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了分類(lèi),以便在游客的總結(jié)中找到模式,并確定對(duì)游客最重要的自然體驗(yàn)。通過(guò)這樣做,他們能夠創(chuàng)造一種“自然語(yǔ)言”,幫助人們認(rèn)識(shí)并參與對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)最滿意和最有意義的活動(dòng)。選項(xiàng)D準(zhǔn)確地反映了這一目的。故選D。
【34題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段內(nèi)容“Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break. (命名每一種自然體驗(yàn)創(chuàng)造了一種可用的語(yǔ)言,這有助于人們認(rèn)識(shí)并參與到對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)最滿意和最有意義的活動(dòng)中。例如,沿著水邊散步的經(jīng)歷可能會(huì)讓一個(gè)年輕的專業(yè)人士在周末去公園徒步旅行時(shí)感到滿意。在工作日回到市中心,他們可以在午休時(shí)沿著噴泉散步,享受一種更居家的互動(dòng)方式)”可知,本段講述了自然體驗(yàn)創(chuàng)造一種可用的語(yǔ)言,有助于人們識(shí)別并參與對(duì)自己來(lái)說(shuō)最滿意最有意義的活動(dòng),接下來(lái)以一個(gè)年輕的專業(yè)人士參與自然的方式舉例說(shuō)明,去公園時(shí)沿著水邊散步讓他感到滿意,回到市中心工作時(shí)他可以通過(guò)沿著噴泉散步獲得滿足。因此推知,從第五段的例子中我們可以知道一樣的自然體驗(yàn)可以呈現(xiàn)不同的形式。故選C。
【35題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study. (“我們正試圖創(chuàng)造一種語(yǔ)言,幫助將人類(lèi)與自然的互動(dòng)帶回我們的日常生活中。要做到這一點(diǎn),我們還需要保護(hù)自然,這樣我們才能與它互動(dòng),”該研究的資深作者彼得·卡恩說(shuō)。)”可推斷,彼得·卡恩認(rèn)為在我們與大自然互動(dòng)之前我們應(yīng)該先要保護(hù)自然。故選B。
第二節(jié)(共5小題; 每小題2.5分, 滿分12.5分)
閱讀下面短文, 從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
As an artist who shares her journey on social media, I’m often asked by curious followers how to begin an art journey. Unfortunately, there is no magic list I can offer. I do remember, though, what it was like to be a complete beginner. So I’ve put together some good tips for starting an art journey.
·Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. ___36___ You’ll want to look back on your journey to see how far you’ve come.
·Paint often and paint from life. There’s no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. ___37___
·Continually challenge yourself to try something new. ___38___ Artistic growth can be a bit painful. Welcome to the club;we’ve all been there. I love taking on challenges. I once took up a challenge to create a painting every day for a month and post the works online.
·___39___ Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反饋) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability.
The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path. ___40___ Push through, give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life.
A. Get out of your comfort zone.
B. Make career plans and set goals.
C. Don’t throw away your beginner art.
D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.
E. You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times.
F. Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role.
G. You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.
【答案】36. C 37. G 38. A 39. D 40. E
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了了一些開(kāi)始藝術(shù)之旅的好建議。
【36題詳解】
根據(jù)前文“Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. (從小開(kāi)始。我建議使用一個(gè)素描本進(jìn)行小規(guī)模學(xué)習(xí)和實(shí)踐。這些小的學(xué)習(xí)和實(shí)踐可以提供靈感,并成為未來(lái)更復(fù)雜的作品的跳板)”以及后文“You’ll want to look back on your journey to see how far you’ve come. (你會(huì)想要回顧一下自己的藝術(shù)之旅,看看自己已經(jīng)取得多少進(jìn)步)”可知,空處應(yīng)是一個(gè)過(guò)渡句,從給出建議使用一個(gè)素描本進(jìn)行小規(guī)模的學(xué)習(xí)和實(shí)踐,到回顧自己的藝術(shù)之旅,所以C項(xiàng)“Don’t throw away your beginner art. (不要扔掉你的初學(xué)時(shí)的藝術(shù)作品)”符合文意,和后文形成順承關(guān)系。故選C項(xiàng)。
【37題詳解】
分析設(shè)空處,位于段尾,是對(duì)本段的總結(jié),根據(jù)前文“Paint often and paint from life. There’s no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. (經(jīng)常作畫(huà),且從生活中作畫(huà)。沒(méi)有什么比不斷練習(xí)更能提高你的藝術(shù)水平了。無(wú)論你是繪制靜物、肖像還是風(fēng)景,都要盡可能地從真實(shí)生活中去觀察和繪制)”可知,本段主要講述不斷練習(xí)繪畫(huà),所以G項(xiàng)“You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition. (你會(huì)逐漸形成只有通過(guò)反復(fù)練習(xí)才能獲得的繪畫(huà)肌肉記憶)”是對(duì)前文的總結(jié)。故選G項(xiàng)。
【38題詳解】
分析設(shè)空處,空處位于第二句,此處應(yīng)是對(duì)前一句的進(jìn)一步解釋,并同時(shí)引出后文,根據(jù)前文“Continually challenge yourself to try something new. (不斷挑戰(zhàn)自己,嘗試新事物)”以及后文“Artistic growth can be a bit painful. (藝術(shù)的成長(zhǎng)可能會(huì)有點(diǎn)痛苦)”可知,A項(xiàng)“Get out of your comfort zone. (走出你的舒適區(qū))”是對(duì)前句的進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明,和后文構(gòu)成順承關(guān)系。故選A項(xiàng)。
【39題詳解】
分析設(shè)空處,位于段首,是本段的中心句,根據(jù)后文“Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反饋) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability. (尋求并接受有建設(shè)性的反饋對(duì)于你的成長(zhǎng)非常重要。我在社交媒體上發(fā)布我的作品,并因此結(jié)識(shí)了一些最友好的人。無(wú)論我的藝術(shù)水平如何,他們都讓我感到受到了重視和尊重)”可知,本段主要講述了是分享自己的作品,所以D項(xiàng)“Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so. (如果你感覺(jué)舒適的話,分享你的作品)”符合文意,是本段的中心句。故選D項(xiàng)。
【40題詳解】
分析設(shè)空處,空處位于第二句,此處應(yīng)是對(duì)前一句的進(jìn)一步解釋,并同時(shí)引出后文,根據(jù)前文“The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path. (你的旅程不會(huì)是一條筆直的道路)”以及后文“Push through, give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life. (堅(jiān)持下去,給它時(shí)間,付出努力。你將收獲藝術(shù)生活的回報(bào))”可知,E項(xiàng)“You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times. (你會(huì)遇到障礙,有時(shí)你會(huì)感到氣餒)”是對(duì)前句的進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明,和后文構(gòu)成順承關(guān)系。故選E項(xiàng)。
【點(diǎn)睛】
第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié), 滿分30分)
第一節(jié)(共15小題; 每小題1分, 滿分15分)
閱讀下面短文, 從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。
In April last year, I saw a post on the PNP (Pilots N Paws) website from a family in Topeka. They had to move to Virginia but they were on a very tight ___41___. They could not afford to pay for ___42___ for their dog, Tiffy, and ___43___ wanted to take her with them.
It just ___44___ that I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot, Karen, who ___45___ to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia. What I was to do was fly to Topeka to ___46___ Tiffy.
When I met Tiffy’s owners, they seemed very ___47___. George, the husband, was trying to be calm, but I could tell this was ___48___ for him, having to leave his dog to a ___49___ and trust that everything would _____50_____.
After some goodbyes, I asked George and his wife to help me _____51_____ Tiffy into the plane. I promised to take care of Tiffy and _____52_____ them as soon as we got to Kansas City.
The flight was _____53_____, and Tiffy was a great passenger. The next day, she _____54_____ with Karen and made it back to George in Virginia within a few days. He was so _____55_____ and sent me a nice e-mail with pictures. It felt great to know that I had helped bring this family together again.
41. A. turn B. budget C. schedule D. connection
42. A. food B. shelter C. medicine D. transportation
43. A. desperately B. temporarily C. secretly D. originally
44. A. appeared B. proved C. happened D. showed
45. A. waited B. offered C. hurried D. failed
46. A. see off B. look for C. hand over D. pick up
47. A. confused B. nervous C. annoyed D. curious
48. A. hard B. fine C. common D. lucky
49. A. coworker B. passenger C. stranger D. neighbor
50. A. speed up B. work out C. come back D. take off
51. A. feed B. follow C. change D. load
52. A. call B. join C. leave D. serve
53. A. unnecessary B. unexpected C. unavoidable D. uneventful
54. A. returned B. fought C. flew D. agreed
55. A. thankful B. generous C. proud D. sympathetic
【答案】41. B 42. D 43. A 44. C 45. B 46. D 47. B 48. A 49. C 50. B 51. D 52. A 53. D 54. C 55. A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者通過(guò)Pilots N Paws網(wǎng)站幫助一家搬家的人將他們的狗接到另一個(gè)城市的過(guò)程。作者和另一位飛行員一起完成了這次任務(wù),最終成功將這只狗帶回到了它的主人身邊。
【41題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:他們不得不搬到弗吉尼亞,但他們的預(yù)算非常緊張。A. turn轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn);B. budget預(yù)算;C. schedule時(shí)間表;D. connection聯(lián)系。根據(jù)“They could not afford to pay for ___2___ for their dog, Tiffy,”可知,這個(gè)家庭的預(yù)算非常緊張。故選B。
【42題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:他們付不起他們的狗Tiffy的交通費(fèi),又非常想帶她一起走。A. food食物;B. shelter庇護(hù);C. medicine藥;D. transportation交通。根據(jù)“They had to move to Virginia but they were on a very tight ___1___ .”及下文可知,這個(gè)家庭的預(yù)算非常緊張,所以付不起他們的狗Tiffy的交通費(fèi)。故選D。
【43題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意:他們付不起他們的狗Tiffy的交通費(fèi),又非常想帶她一起走。 A. desperately非常、拼命地;B. temporarily暫時(shí)地;C. secretly秘密地;D. originally起初。根據(jù)“wanted to take her with them.”可知,這家人非常想把狗一起帶走。故選A。
【44題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:碰巧我和另一名飛行員Karen正在計(jì)劃另一次PNP飛行,他主動(dòng)提出要把Tiffy從堪薩斯城帶到弗吉尼亞。A. appeared出現(xiàn);B. proved證明;C. happened碰巧;D. showed展示。根據(jù)“I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot, Karen,”可知,碰巧的是作者和另一名飛行員正在計(jì)劃另一次PNP飛行。故選C。
【45題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:碰巧我和另一名飛行員Karen正在計(jì)劃另一次PNP飛行,他主動(dòng)提出要把Tiffy從堪薩斯城帶到弗吉尼亞。A. waited等待;B. offered提供、主動(dòng)提出;C. hurried匆忙;D. failed失敗。根據(jù)“to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia.”可知,Karen主動(dòng)提出幫忙把狗Tiffy從堪薩斯城帶到弗吉尼亞。故選B。
【46題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意:我要做的就是飛到托皮卡去接Tiffy。A. see off為……送行;B. look for尋找;C. hand over移交;D. pick up接載。根據(jù)“What I was to do was fly to Topeka”和常識(shí)可知,作者需要飛到托皮卡去接Tiffy。故選D。
【47題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:當(dāng)我見(jiàn)到Tiffy的主人時(shí),他們看起來(lái)很緊張。A. confused困惑的;B. nervous緊張的;C. annoyed惱怒的;D. curious好奇的。根據(jù)“George, the husband, was trying to be calm, but I could tell this was ___8___ for him, having to leave his dog to a ___9___ and trust that everything would ___10___ .”可知,這家人看起來(lái)有點(diǎn)緊張和不安。故選B。
【48題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:丈夫George試著冷靜下來(lái),但我看得出來(lái),這對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)很難,他不得不把狗留給一個(gè)陌生人,并相信一切都會(huì)解決的。A. hard困難的;B. fine好的;C. common常見(jiàn)的;D. lucky幸運(yùn)的。根據(jù)上文“was trying to be calm”以及下文“having to leave his dog to a ___9___ and trust that everything would ___10___ .”可推知,此處指把狗留給一個(gè)陌生人對(duì)主人來(lái)說(shuō)很難。故選A。
【49題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:丈夫George試著冷靜下來(lái),但我看得出來(lái),這對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)很難,他不得不把狗留給一個(gè)陌生人,并相信一切都會(huì)解決的。A. coworker合作者;B. passenger乘客;C. stranger陌生人;D. neighbor鄰居。根據(jù)“George, the husband, was trying to be calm, but I could tell this was ___8___ for him,”可知,要把狗留給一個(gè)陌生人。故選C。
【50題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意:丈夫George試著冷靜下來(lái),但我看得出來(lái),這對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)很難,他不得不把狗留給一個(gè)陌生人,并相信一切都會(huì)解決的。A. speed up加速;B. work out解決;C. come back回來(lái);D. take off起飛。根據(jù)“George, the husband, was trying to be calm, but I could tell this was ___8___ for him,”可知,讓狗的主人George相信一個(gè)陌生人一切都會(huì)解決好,對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)很難。故選B。
【51題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:道別之后,我讓George和他的妻子幫我把Tiffy送上飛機(jī)。A. feed喂養(yǎng);B. follow跟隨;C. change改變;D. load裝載。load into裝入。根據(jù)“Tiffy into the plane.”可知,作者讓George和他的妻子幫忙把Tiffy裝入飛機(jī)。故選D。
【52題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:我答應(yīng)過(guò)會(huì)照顧好Tiffy,一到堪薩斯城就給他們打電話。A. call打電話;B. join加入;C. leave離開(kāi);D. serve服務(wù)。根據(jù)“as soon as we got to Kansas City.”可知,作者承諾一到堪薩斯城就給他們打電話。故選A。
【53題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:這次飛行平安無(wú)事,Tiffy是個(gè)很棒的乘客。A. unnecessary沒(méi)有必要的;B. unexpected意想不到的;C. unavoidable不可避免的;D. uneventful太平無(wú)事的。根據(jù)“and Tiffy was a great passenger.”可知,這次飛行一切都平安無(wú)事。故選D。
【54題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:第二天,她和Karen一起坐飛機(jī),幾天后就回到了弗吉尼亞州的George那里。 A. returned返回;B. fought打仗;C. flew飛;D. agreed同意。根據(jù)“It just ___4___ that I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot, Karen, who ___5___ to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia.”可知,Karen帶狗Tiffy飛往弗吉尼亞州。故選C。
【55題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:他非常感激,給我發(fā)了一封很漂亮的電子郵件,并附上了照片。A. thankful感激的;B. generous慷慨的;C. proud驕傲的;D. sympathetic同情的。通讀全文,再根據(jù)“and sent me a nice e-mail with pictures.”可推知,此處指對(duì)于作者的幫忙,George非常感激。故選A。
第二節(jié)(共10小題; 每小題1.5分, 滿分15分)
閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Whenever I tell people that I teach English at the Berlin Zoo, I almost always get a questioning look. Behind it, the person is trying to figure out who exactly I teach…the animals?
Since June 2017, right before the ___56___ (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and ___57___ (confidence) speaking English. And who do they speak English ___58___?
Not the pandas, even though ___59___ language used for the medical training instructions is actually English. They talk to the flood of international tourists and to ___60___ (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. They also need to be ready to give ___61___ (interview) in English with international journalists. This is ___62___ they need an English trainer.
So, what are they learning? ___63___ (basic), how to describe a panda’s life. It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop ___64___ to see the pandas settle into their new home. As a little girl, I ___65___ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English.
【答案】56. arrival
57. confident
58. with 59. the
60. visiting
61. interviews
62. why 63. Basically
64. and 65. wished
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者在柏林動(dòng)物園教英語(yǔ),回應(yīng)了那些“質(zhì)疑”的目光。
【56題詳解】
考查名詞。句意:從2017年6月開(kāi)始,就在兩只新大熊貓“萌萌”和“嬌青”到來(lái)之前,我一直在幫助動(dòng)物園的熊貓飼養(yǎng)員更舒服、更自信地說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空前是冠詞,空后是介詞,所以空處應(yīng)填名詞作介詞before的賓語(yǔ),arrive的名詞形式是arrival,不可數(shù)名詞。故填arrival。
【57題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意:從2017年6月開(kāi)始,就在兩只新大熊貓“萌萌”和“嬌青”到來(lái)之前,我一直在幫助動(dòng)物園的熊貓飼養(yǎng)員更舒服、更自信地說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處和前文的comfortable并列,作并列表語(yǔ),應(yīng)用形容詞形式,confidence的形容詞形式是confident。故填confident。
【58題詳解】
考查介詞。句意:他們和誰(shuí)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)?分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,根據(jù)句意此處強(qiáng)調(diào)雙向交流,應(yīng)用固定搭配:speak with sb.意為“與某人交談”。故填with。
【59題詳解】
考查冠詞。句意:不是熊貓,盡管醫(yī)學(xué)訓(xùn)練指導(dǎo)使用的語(yǔ)言實(shí)際上是英語(yǔ)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處特指用于醫(yī)學(xué)訓(xùn)練指導(dǎo)使用的語(yǔ)言,表特指,應(yīng)用定冠詞修飾。故填the。
【60題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意:他們與蜂擁而至國(guó)際游客和來(lái)訪的中國(guó)動(dòng)物園管理員交談,這些管理員經(jīng)常來(lái)檢查從中國(guó)租借來(lái)的大熊貓。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空后是名詞,所以空處應(yīng)填形容詞作定語(yǔ);visit對(duì)應(yīng)的形容詞為visiting“來(lái)訪的”。故填visiting。
【61題詳解】
考查名詞的數(shù)。句意:他們還需要準(zhǔn)備好用英語(yǔ)接受?chē)?guó)際記者的采訪。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空前是動(dòng)詞,所以空處應(yīng)填名詞作賓語(yǔ),interview意為“采訪”為可數(shù)名詞,不止一段采訪,應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填interviews。
【62題詳解】
考查表語(yǔ)從句。句意:這就是他們需要英語(yǔ)培訓(xùn)師的原因。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,從句中結(jié)構(gòu)完整,應(yīng)該用連接副詞連接,前文提到需要培訓(xùn)師的原因,此處是表達(dá)“這就是他們需要英語(yǔ)培訓(xùn)師的原因”之意,應(yīng)用why引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。故填why。
【63題詳解】
考查副詞。句意:基本上,如何描述熊貓的生活。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處修飾空后整個(gè)句子,應(yīng)該用副詞修飾,basic的副詞形式是basically位于句首,首字母應(yīng)大寫(xiě)。故填Basically。
【64題詳解】
考查連詞。句意:我很榮幸能看到熊貓項(xiàng)目的發(fā)展,看到熊貓們?cè)谛录野差D下來(lái)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,“to watch the panda programme develop”和“to see the pandas settle into their new home”兩者是并列關(guān)系,應(yīng)該用and連接。故填and。
【65題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意:作為一個(gè)小女孩,我希望長(zhǎng)大后成為一名動(dòng)物園管理員。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,本句缺少謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,所以wish作本句謂語(yǔ),和主語(yǔ)I之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,根據(jù)后文的grew可知用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填wished。
第四部分 寫(xiě)作(共兩節(jié), 滿分40分)
第一節(jié)(滿分15分)
66. 假定你是李華,外教Ryan準(zhǔn)備將學(xué)生隨機(jī)分為兩人一組,讓大家課后練習(xí)口語(yǔ),你認(rèn)為這樣分組存在問(wèn)題。請(qǐng)你給外教寫(xiě)一封郵件,內(nèi)容包括:
1. 說(shuō)明問(wèn)題;
2. 提出建議。
注意:
1. 寫(xiě)作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80個(gè)左右;
2. 請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。
Dear Ryan,
I’m Li Hua from Class 3.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Ryan,
I’m Li Hua from Class 3. I think it’s not a good idea to randomly pair up students for the spoken English training after class. The reasons are as follows.
To begin with, randomly pairing up students may lead to unbalanced language abilities within the groups. This can hinder the progress of students as the more advanced one may dominate the conversation, leaving little room for the other students to improve. Besides, students may feel uncomfortable or less motivated if paired with someone who they don’t get along with or have difficulty communicating with.
My suggestion is to group students based on their language abilities or to let students choose their own partners. This way, everyone can feel more comfortable practicing and improving their spoken English together.
Thank you for considering my suggestion.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本篇是應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作,要求考生給外教寫(xiě)一封郵件,告訴他將學(xué)生隨機(jī)分為兩人一組,讓大家課后練習(xí)口語(yǔ),你認(rèn)為這樣分組存在問(wèn)題。
【詳解】1. 詞匯積累
首先:to begin with → first of all
提高:improve → progress
建議:suggestion → advice
選擇:choose → select
2. 句式拓展
簡(jiǎn)單句變復(fù)合句
原句:My suggestion is to group students based on their language abilities or to let students choose their own partners.
拓展句:My suggestion is that we are supposed to group students based on their language abilities or to let students choose their own partners.
【點(diǎn)睛】[高分句型1]
This can hinder the progress of students as the more advanced one may dominate the conversation, leaving little room for the other students to improve.(運(yùn)用了現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ))
[高分句型2]
Besides, Students may feel uncomfortable or less motivated if paired with someone who they don’t get along with or have difficulty communicating with.(運(yùn)用了省略句和who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句)
第二節(jié)(滿分25分)
67. 閱讀下面材料, 根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫(xiě)兩段, 使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。
When I was in middle school, my social studies teacher asked me to enter a writing contest. I said no without thinking. I did not love writing. My family came from Brazil, so English was only my second language. Writing was so difficult and painful for me that my teacher had allowed me to present my paper on the sinking of the Titanic by acting out a play, where I played all the parts. No one laughed harder than he did.
So, why did he suddenly force me to do something at which I was sure to fail? His reply: “Because I love your stories. If you’re willing to apply yourself, I think you have a good shot at this.” Encouraged by his words, I agreed to give it a try.
I chose Paul Revere’s horse as my subject. Paul Revere was a silversmith (銀匠) in Boston who rode a horse at night on April 18, 1775 to Lexington to warn people that British soldiers were coming. My story would come straight from the horse’s mouth. Not a brilliant idea, but funny; and unlikely to be anyone else’s choice.
What did the horse think, as he sped through the night? Did he get tired? Have doubts? Did he want to quit? I sympathized immediately. I got tired. I had doubts. I wanted to quit. But, like Revere’s horse, I kept going. I worked hard. I checked my spelling. I asked my older sister to correct my grammar. I checked out a half dozen books on Paul Revere from the library. I even read a few of them.
When I handed in the essay to my teacher, he read it, laughed out loud, and said, “Great. Now, write it again.” I wrote it again, and again and again. When I finally finished it, the thought of winning had given way to the enjoyment of writing. If I didn’t win, I wouldn’t care.
注意:
1. 續(xù)寫(xiě)詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150個(gè)左右;
2. 請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。
A few weeks later, when I almost forgot the contest, there came the news.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I went to my teacher’s office after the award presentation.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 A few weeks later, when I almost forgot the contest, there came the news. I was informed that I won the first prize in the writing contest and that there would be an award presentation in two days. I was so happy to hear the news that I immediately shared it with my teacher. “I knew you’d win! I am proud of you. You made it!” he said excitedly. Then came the big day. When I was invited to the stage to receive the award, I expressed my thanks to my teacher. I said, “It’s you who make me fall in love with writing, my social studies teacher. Without your recognition and guidance, I couldn’t have written this article. Again thank you very much!”
I went to my teacher’s office after the award presentation. My teacher was waiting for me. Holding my hands, he said “Congratulations! You are a good writer, so keep writing.” “You know I didn’t like writing before, but now I am crazy about it! I will try my best to create good works.” I said seriously. Since then, I have written many good works and now I am a famous writer. I owe my success to my social teacher who is a beacon in my life on the road to writing.
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文以人物為線索展開(kāi),講述了作者上中學(xué)的時(shí)候,社會(huì)學(xué)老師邀請(qǐng)作者參加一個(gè)寫(xiě)作比賽。作者不喜歡寫(xiě)作,于是想都沒(méi)想就拒絕了。但是在老師的鼓勵(lì)下,作者同意試一試。作者在寫(xiě)作過(guò)程中雖然很累,但是沒(méi)有放棄,堅(jiān)持下來(lái)了。在作者最終完成寫(xiě)作時(shí),作者感到寫(xiě)作讓他很快樂(lè),他已經(jīng)不在乎輸贏了。
【詳解】1.段落續(xù)寫(xiě):
、儆傻谝欢问拙鋬(nèi)容“幾個(gè)星期后,當(dāng)我?guī)缀跬洷荣惖臅r(shí)候,傳來(lái)了消息!焙偷诙问拙洹邦C獎(jiǎng)后我去了老師的辦公室!笨芍,第一段可描寫(xiě)作者獲得比賽一等獎(jiǎng),在頒獎(jiǎng)典禮上作者表達(dá)了對(duì)社會(huì)老師的感激。
、谟傻诙问拙鋬(nèi)容“頒獎(jiǎng)后我去了老師的辦公室!笨芍,第二段可描寫(xiě)老師鼓勵(lì)作者繼續(xù)寫(xiě)作,自此作者堅(jiān)持寫(xiě)作取得了成功,作者將這一切歸功于自己的老師。
2.續(xù)寫(xiě)線索:比賽消息傳來(lái)——作者獲獎(jiǎng)——高興——頒獎(jiǎng)典禮感謝老師——頒獎(jiǎng)后來(lái)到老師辦公室——老師告訴作者堅(jiān)持寫(xiě)作——作者表達(dá)了對(duì)寫(xiě)作的喜愛(ài)——作者寫(xiě)作取得了成功——感激老師
3.詞匯激活
行為類(lèi)
、俑嬷篿nform/tell
、诔晒ψ龅剑簃ake it/succeed
、郾磉_(dá):express/convey
情緒類(lèi)
、俑吲d的:happy/glad
、诩(dòng)地:excitedly/with excitement
【點(diǎn)睛】[高分句型1] I was informed that I won the first prize in the writing contest and that there would be an award presentation in two days. (運(yùn)用了由連接詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句)
[高分句型2] It’s you who make me fall in love with writing, my social studies teacher.(運(yùn)用了強(qiáng)調(diào)句)
[高分句型3] I owe my success to my social teacher who is a beacon in my life on the road to writing.(運(yùn)用了who引導(dǎo)的限制性定語(yǔ)從句)
【2023年高考真題及答案】相關(guān)文章:
2024高考語(yǔ)文真題及答案10-23
2024年高考真題及答案10-23
考研真題及答案10-12
歷年高考真題及答案word版下載05-02
定語(yǔ)從句高考真題09-20
高考英語(yǔ)作文真題10-13
高考語(yǔ)文試卷真題10-23
高考英語(yǔ)真題發(fā)布10-13