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狀語(yǔ)從句及其難點(diǎn)小結(jié)
[HTML]<br>[/HTML] 狀語(yǔ)從句是高考中從句考查的熱點(diǎn),也是聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、寫(xiě)能力培養(yǎng)的重要一環(huán)。狀語(yǔ)從句按其作用和意義可分為時(shí)間、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、方式、比較、地點(diǎn)等。這些狀語(yǔ)從句在高中課文中均有涉及。高三的同學(xué)們?cè)趶?fù)習(xí)中要學(xué)會(huì)對(duì)所學(xué)知識(shí)進(jìn)行歸納小結(jié)。下面就狀語(yǔ)從句及其難點(diǎn)進(jìn)行小結(jié),以供同學(xué)們復(fù)習(xí)參考。一、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句
引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句常用連詞有:when, whenever, while, as, before, after, till/until, since, as soon as, the moment, the minute, the instant, immediately, instantly, directly, each time, every time, the first time, hardly/scarcely...when, no sooner...than等。
難點(diǎn)1:hardly/scarcely...when..., no sooner...than...句型中的時(shí)態(tài)。主句常用過(guò)去完成時(shí),從句常用一般過(guò)去時(shí),如果否定詞hardly, scarcely, no sooner置于句首,主句用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:
We had hardly / scarcely arrived when it began to rain.
=Hardly / Scarcely had we arrived when it began to rain. (在下雨之前,我們不能趕到。)
We had no sooner arrived when it began to rain.
=No sooner had we arrived when it began to rain. (開(kāi)始下雨的時(shí)候我們就趕到了。)
難點(diǎn)2:when、while、as的用法。這三個(gè)詞都表“當(dāng)...時(shí)候”時(shí),如果主句表示的是短暫動(dòng)作,從句的動(dòng)作是延續(xù)的,三者可以通用。如:When/While/As we were playing happily, our mother came back. (我們正玩得高興時(shí),媽媽回來(lái)了。)但三者也有區(qū)別:
1)when既可表時(shí)間點(diǎn)也可表時(shí)間段,即從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以是瞬間動(dòng)詞(不能與while互換),也可以是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(一般可以與while互換)。如:
When I arrived at the airport, I found the plane had taken off. (瞬間)(當(dāng)我到達(dá)機(jī)場(chǎng)時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)飛機(jī)已經(jīng)起飛了。)
When you watch TV, you should keep a certain distance to protect your eyes.(延續(xù))(當(dāng)你看電視的時(shí)候,你應(yīng)該保持一定的距離以保護(hù)你的視力。)
特殊句型:A. Jane was on half way to school when her classmate caught up with him.(在簡(jiǎn)去學(xué)校的半路上他的同學(xué)趕上了他)(when=and at that moment suddenly主句往往是一個(gè)過(guò)程,從句是一個(gè)瞬間動(dòng)作)
B. He was about to leave when the telephone rang. (他正準(zhǔn)備離開(kāi)的時(shí)候突然電話響了)
2)while只能表時(shí)間段,即從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的持續(xù),而且經(jīng)常是用進(jìn)行時(shí)。如:
We must keep silent while others are studying. (當(dāng)其他人學(xué)習(xí)時(shí),我們必須保持安靜)
特殊句型:A. While I admit the paper is very difficult, I don’t think you should give it up. (雖然我承認(rèn)這份試卷很難,但我認(rèn)為你不應(yīng)該放棄。)
B. He likes pop music, while I am fond of classical music. (他喜歡流行音樂(lè),我喜歡古典音樂(lè)。)(while 是并列連詞,引導(dǎo)的是并列句,表對(duì)比)
3)as強(qiáng)調(diào)伴隨,即從句動(dòng)作是伴隨著主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生的一個(gè)次要?jiǎng)幼,翻譯成漢語(yǔ)往往是“一邊……一邊……”。如:
The class took notes of what the professor taught as they listened to him attentively.(同學(xué)們一邊記筆記一邊專心聽(tīng)教授講課)
特殊句型:As the weather gets cooler and cooler, some birds will fly to the south to spend the freezing winter.(由于天氣越來(lái)越冷,一些鳥(niǎo)兒將飛到南方去渡寒冬)
注意區(qū)別:With the weather getting cooler and cooler, some birds will fly to the south to spend the freezing winter.(當(dāng)天氣越來(lái)越冷時(shí),一此鳥(niǎo)兒將飛往南方渡寒冬)
難點(diǎn)3:till 、until的用法。兩者都表示“直到...才”,基本上可以互換,但till不能位于句首。當(dāng)表示主句動(dòng)作延續(xù)到某時(shí)才停止時(shí),主句用肯定句;當(dāng)表示主句動(dòng)作到某時(shí)才開(kāi)始發(fā)生時(shí),主句用否定句。如:
I’ll stay here until/till 12:00.(stay這個(gè)動(dòng)作延續(xù)12:00就停止,主句用肯定)
I won’t leave here until/till 12:00. (leave這個(gè)瞬間動(dòng)作到12:00才發(fā)生,主句用否定)
難點(diǎn)4:before 的難點(diǎn)
1. 若表達(dá)“還未...就...”“不到...就...” “...才...”時(shí), 需用連詞before。如:
We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired.(我們還未走到一英里他就累了)
2. It will be +段時(shí)間+before .... “多久之后才...”,例如:
It will be five years before we meet again.(我們要五年之后才會(huì)再見(jiàn)面)
難點(diǎn)5:since 的難點(diǎn)
二、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句
引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞有where, wherever等。
難點(diǎn)1:where, wherever指具體地點(diǎn)時(shí),從句可用于主句之前或之后;表示抽象條件的含義時(shí),從句須放在主句之前。例如:
We should go where the Party needs us most.(我們要去黨最需要我們的地方)
You are free to go wherever you like.(你愛(ài)去哪就去哪)
Where there is a will, there is a way.(有志者事竟成)
Wherever there is smoke, there is a fire.(有煙的地方肯定有火)
難點(diǎn)2:區(qū)分where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句與狀語(yǔ)從句:
You’d better make a mark where you have any questions. (在有問(wèn)題的地方你最好做一下記號(hào))(狀語(yǔ)從句)
You’d better make a mark at the place where you have any questions. (定語(yǔ)從句)
三、原因狀語(yǔ)從句
引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞有because, as, since, now that, seeing that, considering that等。
難點(diǎn):because, since, as, for 的用法。
because:從屬連詞,語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng),表示直接原因,回答why提問(wèn)的句子。放在主句前后都可以。例如:Because she wants to study abroad, she is studying English hard. (因?yàn)樗肴ネ鈬?guó)留學(xué),所以她很努力地學(xué)英語(yǔ)。)
as與since: 從屬連詞,表示眾所周知或明顯的原因。since 比as更加正式,而as常用在口語(yǔ)中。一般位于主句前,有時(shí)也可位于主句后。例如:Since / As all of you know the answer, there’s no need for me to explain it again.(既然大家都知道答案,那
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