完形填空解題秘訣
完形填空在高考英語(yǔ)試題中是具有一定難度,得分率相對(duì)較低的一種題型,F(xiàn)總結(jié)歸納一些方法供考生參考。1. 通讀全文,掌握大意,重視首句,啟示全文
考生首先要通讀全文,了解文章的內(nèi)容、中心思想及文章結(jié)構(gòu),從整體上感知全文,掌握文中時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物及事件。對(duì)于個(gè)別不理解的詞句,只要不影響理解就不要管它。
“完形填空”一般采取首句不設(shè)空的原則,其目的是使讀者進(jìn)入語(yǔ)境,以便對(duì)理解全文有重要的啟示。因此考生要重視并細(xì)讀首句,并據(jù)此來(lái)判斷文章的體裁、題材,推測(cè)全文的主旨和大意,推斷故事發(fā)生的人物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、氣氛等多方面的信息。如2004年全國(guó)卷I 這篇完形填空,看了首句It was the night before the composition was due. As I looked at the list of topics(題目),“The Art of Eating Spaghetti(意大利面條)”caught my eye.后,我們可大體上推斷,這篇文章與寫(xiě)作文“吃意大利面條”有關(guān),這樣對(duì)于我們理解全文起到了很關(guān)鍵的作用。
2. 瞻前顧后,通篇考慮,緊扣文章,結(jié)合語(yǔ)法
了解了文章的主旨大意后,我們就可以聯(lián)系上下文,瞻前顧后,運(yùn)用邏輯思維對(duì)選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行分析、比較、判斷,選出符合邏輯及情理的選項(xiàng)。選題時(shí)可嘗試從以下幾個(gè)方面考慮:
(1)上下文語(yǔ)境角度考慮
上下文語(yǔ)境包括選擇項(xiàng)與所在句子中的語(yǔ)義聯(lián)系,所在句與周?chē)淙旱年P(guān)系,所在句在本段中所起的作用,所在句在整篇短文中所起的作用以及與文章主題思想的關(guān)系等。
例 (2004全國(guó)II) 完形填空片斷:(保留原題號(hào),下同)
Tracy Wong is a well-known Chinese American writer. But her writing 36 was something she picked up by herself. After her first 37 , teaching disabled children, she became a part-time writer for IBM. 38 , writing stories was simply a 39 interest.
36. A. skill B. experience
C. practice D. method
【解析】答案A。本題考查詞義及搭配能力。她的寫(xiě)作技巧是她自己練出來(lái)的。pick up a skill 是練成/學(xué)會(huì)的一種技能,從搭配上看合理。
37. A. duty B. effort
C. job D. task
【解析】答案C。此題考查上下文語(yǔ)境的判斷能力?蘸蟮膖eaching disabled children 是前面內(nèi)容的同位語(yǔ),教殘疾兒童是一種工作,且后文“part-time writer”(業(yè)余作家),也說(shuō)明她有一份工作。
38. A. Instead B. Normally
C. Certainly D. Then
【解析】答案D。結(jié)合上下文根據(jù)詞義,可知答案為D, Then 意為“在當(dāng)時(shí)”。
39. A. general B. deep
C. personal D. lively
【解析】答案C。全句意為:在當(dāng)時(shí),寫(xiě)作不過(guò)是她的一項(xiàng)個(gè)人興趣(不是工作或謀生的手段)。
(2)從詞匯意義及用法的角度考慮
例 (2004 浙江)完形填空片斷
“It was all his own idea,”says Pat, the wife of California high school football coach Bob Peters. Bob had 36 made a “motherhood contract”- declaring that for 70 days this summer he would 37 the care of their four children and all the housework. 38 he didn't even know how to make coffee when sighed, he was very confident.
36. A. only B. just
C. nearly D. ever
【解析】答案B。本題考查副詞詞義的辨析能力。有上下文知,他還沒(méi)有立即履行合同。
37. A. stick to B. set about
C. think about D. take over
【解析】答案D。本題考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析能力。take over 意為“接管”。
38. A. If B. As
C. Since D. Although
【解析】答案D。本題考查狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意:雖然他在簽合同時(shí)連如何煮咖啡都不知,但他還是很自信。as作“盡管”講時(shí),從句部分必須是倒裝語(yǔ)序。
(3)邏輯推理、常識(shí)等角度考慮
高考完形填空往往以自身的內(nèi)容提供相對(duì)完整的語(yǔ)篇信息,其間交織滲透著各類(lèi)相關(guān)的文化背景知識(shí)和常識(shí),當(dāng)對(duì)語(yǔ)言的把握不很準(zhǔn)確時(shí),可充分利用社會(huì)文化知識(shí)和生活常識(shí)來(lái)幫助判斷。
例 (2004 湖北)完形填空片斷
The couple called around to find a tire. No 43 .They decided to let her use their own car. “Here,”P(pán)aul said, handling Clay a 44 of keys.
43. A. way B. message
C. success D. luck
【解析】答案D。no luck 為固定短語(yǔ),意為:“運(yùn)氣不好”,表示沒(méi)有找到好的車(chē)胎。
44. A. set B. number
C. pair D. chain
【解析】答案A。a set of意為“一副/套/串”,a number of 意為“許多”,a pair of意為“一雙”,chain意為“鎖鏈,鏈條”。根據(jù)生活常識(shí),應(yīng)為a set of keys(一串鑰匙)。
3. 代入答案,復(fù)讀全文,核對(duì)文意,糾正錯(cuò)誤
完成選擇后,要再花一兩分鐘,把所選答案代入空格,復(fù)讀全文,核對(duì)文意,驗(yàn)證詞匯、語(yǔ)法是否符合句型結(jié)構(gòu);句子是否流暢,上下文邏輯關(guān)系是否一致,全文是否緊湊且渾然一體,同時(shí)把自己認(rèn)為錯(cuò)誤的答案改正過(guò)來(lái)。
完形填空專(zhuān)練
A Strange Greeting, a True Feeling Last week I was invited to a doctor’s meeting at the Ruth hospital for incurables. In one of the wards a patient, an old man, got up shakily from his bed and moved towards me. I could see that he hadn't long to 1 , but he came up to me and placed his right foot close mine on the floor.
“Frank!” I cried in astonishment. He couldn’t 2 , as I knew, but all the time 3 his foot against mine.
My 4 raced&n