初中英語虛擬語氣講解及練習(xí)

英語中的語氣分為陳述語氣、祈使語氣、虛擬語氣三類，

初中英語虛擬語氣講解及練習(xí)

虛擬語氣表示說話人的主觀愿望或假想，所說的是一個條件，不一定是事實，或與事實相反。條件句可分為兩類，一類為真實條件句，一類為非真實條件句。非真實條件句表示的是假設(shè)的或?qū)嶋H可能性不大的情況，故采用虛擬語氣。

如果假設(shè)的情況可能發(fā)生，是真實條件句，這種情況下謂語用陳述語氣。如： If time permits, we'll go fishing together.如果時間允許，我們就一起去釣魚。

如果假設(shè)的情況是不存在的或不大可能發(fā)生的，則是虛擬條件句。如： If you had come yesterday, you would have met that famous professor.如果你昨天來，你就會見到那位著名的教授了。（隱含的事實是：你昨天沒來，也沒見到那位著名教授）。

虛擬語氣的基本形式和用法在含有虛擬條件句的復(fù)合句中，主從句的謂語都要用虛擬語氣。

含有條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句

wish（wouldrather）+賓語從句

suggest（…）+賓語從句

2.主語從句Itis+adj./p.p/n.+that+S+(should)+do

表語從句S+isthat+s+(should)+do

同位語從句S+that+s+(should)+do

3.定語從句Itis(high)timethat+S+did

用過去式表現(xiàn)在情況

1.時態(tài)后退型用過去完成式表過去

兩種形式用過去將來表將來

2.should+動詞原形型

內(nèi)容詳述

I.含有條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句(以do為例;S=主語)

時間條件狀語從句主句

與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè)If+S+did…S+would/should/could/might+do…

與過去事實相反的假設(shè)If+S+haddone…S+would/should/could/might+havedone…

與將來事實相反的假設(shè)did…

If+Sshoulddo

weretodo

S+would/should/could/might+do…

注意事項：

1．倒裝句。如果條件句中含有功能詞had，should，were時，可以省去If，把功能詞提前，構(gòu)成倒裝句。

2．錯綜條件句初中英語虛擬語氣講解及練習(xí)初中英語虛擬語氣講解及練習(xí)。若條件句和主句動作不存在同一個時間，則謂語形式應(yīng)根據(jù)具體情況而定。

3．Ifthereweren't/hadnotbeen+…=without…

4．Ifitwerenotfor…/Ifithadn'tbeenfor…=butfor…

5．otherwise+虛擬語氣的句子

6．虛擬語氣的句子，but+陳述事實的句子

II.虛擬語氣用在賓語從句中

sb.did…(希望現(xiàn)在用過去式)

1.wish+thatsb.haddone…（希望過去用過去完成式）

sb.would/shoulddo（希望將來用過去將來）

2.wouldrather后的從句要用虛擬語氣。

時間從句

虛擬現(xiàn)在were,did(動詞一般過去式)

虛擬過去haddone

虛擬將來did(動詞一般過去式)

例：IwouldratherIhadn’tsaidsuchunkindthingstoyou.（虛擬過去）

I'dratheryoucameherefortheanswertomorrowmorning.（虛擬將來）

I’dratheryoupostedtheletterrightaway.(虛擬現(xiàn)在)

3.suggest+（that）S+should+do…

表示愿望、建議、請求等主觀意向的動詞之后的賓語從句，謂語用should＋動詞原形，should常常省略。

這類詞有：decide，demand，desire，insist，order，propose，suggest，recommend，requested，require等。

注意：

1.suggest當(dāng)“建議”講時，其賓語從句用虛擬語氣；當(dāng)“暗示、表明”時，用陳述語氣

2.insist當(dāng)堅持“看法或建議”時，賓語從句用虛擬語氣；當(dāng)堅持“某個事實”時，用陳述語氣。

判斷改錯：（錯）Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyou（should）beill.

（對）Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyouareill.

（錯）Iinsistedthatyou（should）bewrong.

（對）Iinsistedthatyouwerewrong.

III.虛擬語氣用在主語從句中

Itisdemanded/necessary/apity+that…等結(jié)構(gòu)的主語從句，謂語動詞用should加動詞原形，should可省略。

Itis可用的詞有三類that（should）do

suggested,ordered,required,proposed,demanded,requested,insisted等

important,necessary,natural,imperative,strange等

apity,ashame,nowonder等

IV．虛擬語氣用在同位語從句中。

某些表示建議、請求、命令等主觀意向的名詞后同位語從句需用虛擬語氣，其表達形式為(should)＋動詞原形初中英語虛擬語氣講解及練習(xí)文章初中英語虛擬語氣講解及練習(xí)出自http://www.lotusphilosophies.com/article/wk-78500001021729.html， 此鏈接！。

這類名詞常見的有：advice，suggestion，proposal（提議），order，demand，desire，request，requirement，recommendation（推薦），plan，resolution（決議），idea等。

eg.Weareallforyourproposalthatthediscussion(should)beputoff．

V．虛擬語氣用在表語從句中。

某些表示建議、請求、命令等主觀意向的名詞作主語時，表語從句需用虛擬語氣，其表達形式為(should)＋動詞原形。

這類名詞常見的有：advice，suggestion，proposal，order，demand，desire，request，requirement，recommendation以及plan，idea，resolution等。

eg.Mysuggestionisthatthemayor(should)presenttheprizes.

VI．虛擬語氣用在定語從句中

Itis（about／high）time＋thatsb.didsth/shoulddosth..

eg.Don'tyouthinkit'sabouttimewewenthome？

注：在thisisthefirsttime／secondtimethat．．．句型中，從句中謂語動詞用陳述語氣完成時態(tài)。

eg.IsthisthefirsttimethatyouhavevisitedHongkong？

VII.虛擬語氣用在讓步、方式、目的狀語從句中

1．在帶有evenif/eventhough引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句中，主句和從句都用虛擬語氣，動詞形式與含有非真實條件句的虛擬語氣相同。如:Evenifhehadbeenill,hewouldhavegonetohisoffice.即使生了病，他倆去辦公室。

2．由asif或asthough引導(dǎo)的狀語從句表示比較或方式時。從句謂語形式為動詞的過去式(be用were)或“had十過去分詞”。如:HetreatedmeasifIwereastranger.他那樣對待我，好像我是陌生人似的。Shetalkedaboutthefilmasifshehadreallyseenit.她談?wù)撃遣坑捌�，就好像她確實看過一樣。

3．虛擬語氣用在lest（唯恐、免得），forfearthat及incase引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中初中英語虛擬語氣講解及練習(xí)素材庫。在由lest等引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中需用虛擬語氣，表示“以防，以免”等意思，其謂語動詞多由should＋動詞原形構(gòu)成，should也可省略

eg.Hewaspunishedlestheshouldmakethesamemistakeagain．

VIII．虛擬語氣用情感語言中

1．虛擬語氣在表示客氣、遺憾以及祝愿等場合中，使用虛擬語氣。

eg.Youshouldn'thavebeenfollowinghimsoclosely；youshouldhavekeptyourdistance．

2．Ifonlysb./sth.+時態(tài)后退型的謂語

IfonlyIhadknowntheresultoftheexamination.

IX.虛擬語氣的特殊用法：

省掉if的條件從句結(jié)構(gòu)：

Had you asked me, I would have told you.

(=If you had asked me,…)

2.有時虛擬條件不用條件從句而用不定式、分詞、介詞、名詞、連接詞或定語從句來表示，如：

A true friend would not do such a thing.

(=If he were a true friend, he would...)

有時條件從句中的動作和結(jié)果從句中的動作發(fā)生的時間不一致，如：

If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be quite all right now.

If I were you, I would have gone home.

虛擬語氣練習(xí)題：

1.Ifyouwereoldenough,I________youtogothereyesterday.

A.willallowB.shouldallowC.wouldhaveallowedD.hadallowed

2.Thesecretarysuggestedthatthey________themeninatonce.

A.hadbroughtB.shouldhavebroughtC.broughtD.bring

3.__________Iyou,Iwouldgowithhimtotheparty.

A.WasB.HadbeenC.WillbeD.Were

4.Itisstrangethatsuchathing_________inyourclass.

A.willhappenB.happensC.shouldhappenD.happened

5.HowIwishI________torepairthewatch!Ionlymadeitworse.

A.hadtriedB.hadn'ttriedC.havetriedD.didn'ttry

6.Ifhe_______totheteacherattentively,he_______theanswertotheproblemnow. A.hadlistened,wouldhaveknownB.listened,wouldknow

#from 初中英語虛擬語氣講解及練習(xí)來自大學(xué)網(wǎng)http://www.lotusphilosophies.com/ end#

C.listened,wouldhaveknownD.hadlistened,wouldknow

7.Iwasbusyyesterday,otherwiseI_______yourbirthdayparty.

A.attendedB.hadattendedC.wouldattendD.wouldhaveattended

8.IfonlyI_________howtooperateanelectroniccomputerasyoudo.

A.hadknownB.wouldknowC.shouldknowD.knew

9.Thetwostrangerstalksasifthey_______friendsforyears.

A.wereB.wouldbeC.havebeenD.hadbeen

10.Itishightimewe_______upourresults.

A.sumB.summedC.willsumD.wouldsum

11ThelibrarianinsiststhatJohn_______nomorebooksfromthelibrarybeforehereturnsallthebookshehadborrowed.

willtakeB.tookC.takeD.takes

12.Butfortheguidanceofourinstructor(導(dǎo)師),we_______intheexperiment.

A.shouldn’tsucceedB.couldnothavesucceeded

C.willnotsucceedD.shouldnothavesucceeded

13.It’sabouttimepeople______noticeofwhatwomendidduringthewar.

A.takeB.tookC.havetakenD.willtake

14.Shecouldn'thaveansweredthequestionifshe________afewbooksonworld

history.

A.hadn’treadB.hasn’treadC.wouldn’treadD.didn’tread

15.Isn’titabouttimethatyou________topickupthevisitorsfromNewYork?

A.hadgoneB.shouldgoC.goD.willgo

16.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe________nothingwrongand______freeimmediately.

A.did;setB.haddone;shouldbesetC.do;besetD.haddone;mustbeset

17.Youradvicethat______tillnextweekisreasonable.

A.shewaitsB.shewaitC.waitsheD.shewaited

18.Itwasessentialthatwe_________lease（條約、合同）beforetheend

ofthemonth.

A.signB.signedC.hadsignedD.weresigning

19.IwishthatI______withyoulastnight.

A.wentB.havegoneC.couldgoD.couldhavegone

20.HespeaksChinesesofluentlyasifhe______aChinese.

A.wereB.hadbeenC.isD.hasbeen

21.Lookingroundthetown,hefeltasthoughheawayforages.

A.hasbeenB.wasC.isD.hadbeen

22.ItisimportantthattheTOEFL___________officeyourregistration.

A.willconfirmB.confirmC.confirmsD.mustconfirm

23.IfIhadseenthemovie,I___________youallaboutitnow.

A.wouldtellB.willtellC.havetoldD.wouldhavetold

24.IhadhopedthatJohn______ayearinAfrica,buthestayedthereonlyforthreemonths.

A.spendsB.spentC.wouldspendD.willspend

25.I’dratheryouanythingaboutitforthetimebeing.

A.doB.didn’tdoC.don’tD.didn’t

26.Everybodyhasarrived.It’stimewetheclass.

A.shallstartB.wouldstartC.hadstartedD.shouldstart

27.theEnglishexaminationIwouldhavegonetotheconcertlastSunday

A.InspiteofB.ButforC.BecauseofD.Asfor

28.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater，itlooksasifit________.

A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken

29.Shecouldn’thaveansweredthequestionifshe______afewbookson

worldhistory.

A.hadn’treadB.hasn’treadC.wouldn’treadD.didn’tread

30.Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest,soitseemsasifthesun________roundtheearth.

A.werecirclingB.circlesC.iscirclingD.becircling

31.______thefog,weshouldhavereachedourdestination.

A.BecauseofB.InspiteofC.IncaseofD.Butfor

32.Butfortheguidanceofourinstructor(導(dǎo)師),we___intheexperiment.

A.shouldn’tsucceedB.couldnothavesucceed

C.willnotsucceedD.shouldnothavesucceeded

33.TheLawrequiresthateveryone_______hiscarcheckedatleastonceayear.

A.hasB.hadCwillhaveD.have

34.Irecommendedthatthestudent_______hiscompositionassoonaspossible.

A.finishingwritingB.shouldfinishthewritingC.finishwritingD.finishedwriting

35.Iwouldhavecalledyouupforhelphaditbeenpossible,butI_______yourphonenumberthen.

A.hadn’thadB.didn’thaveC.shouldn’thaveD.couldn’thave

36.Withoutelectricityhumanlife_________quitedifferenttoday.

A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe

37.IwishI___________youyesterday.

A.seenB.didseeC.hadseenD.weretosee

38.Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor,you_________allrightnow.

A.areB.wereC.wouldbeD.wouldhavebeen

39._________today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.

A.WouldheleaveB.WasheleavingC.WerehetoleaveD.Ifheleave

40.HeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhe__________there

A.hadbeenB.hasbeenC.wasD.been

41.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater.Itlooksasifit___________.

A.breaksB.hadbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken

42.Hetreatedmeasthough_________hisownson.

A.IamB.IwouldbeC.IwasD.Iwere

43.IfonlyI_________acarofmyown.

A.haveB.hadC.wouldloveD.shouldhave

44.LookatthetroubleI’min!IfonlyI_________youradvice.(2003上海)

A.followedB.wouldfollowC.hadfollowedD.shouldfollow

45.Ifonlyhe_______quietlyasthedoctorinstructed.

A.yC.hadlainD.shouldlie

II.Translation

1.我不知道他的電話號碼，否則我就打電話給他了，

資料共享平臺

他本可以給你更多的幫助，即使他很忙。

3.---如果可能的話你會不會打電話給他？

---會的，不過我當(dāng)時在忙著做家庭作業(yè)

4．如果你昨晚沒有看電影到那么晚的話，你現(xiàn)在就不會這么困了。

5.沒有電，今天人類的生活就完全不同了。

Keys

I.1-5CDDCB6-10ADDDB11-15CBBAA16-20BBADA

21-25DBACB26-30BBCAA31-35DBDCB36-40DCCCA41-45CDBCC

II.

1．Ididn'tknowhistelephonenumber,otherwiseIwouldhavetelephonedhim.

2．Hemighthavegivenyoumorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.

3．----Wouldyouhavecalledheruphaditbeenpossible?

----Yes,butIwerebusydoingmyhomework.

4．Ifyouhadn’tseenthatfilmlatelastnight,youwouldn'tbesosleepy.

5．Withoutelectricity,humanlifewouldbequitedifferenttoday

本文作者：11#1- 803小路

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