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英文標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號的使用 -

時(shí)間:2024-08-07 08:59:58 范文 我要投稿
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英文標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號的使用 -范文

英文標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號的使用句點(diǎn)(Full Stop / Period,“.”) 問號(Question Mark,“?”) 感嘆號(Exclamation Mark,“!”) 逗點(diǎn)(Comma,“,”) 冒號(Colon,“:”) 分號(Semicolon,“;”) 連字符(Hyphen,“-”) 連接號(En Dash,“–”) 破折號(Em Dash,“—”) 括號(Parentheses,小括號“( )”;中括號“[]”;大括號“{}”) 引號(Quotation Marks,雙引號“"”;單引號“‘”) 縮寫及所有格符號(Apostrophe,“‘”)一、.句點(diǎn)1.句點(diǎn)用于當(dāng)一句話完全結(jié)束時(shí),

英文標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號的使用

。  2.句點(diǎn)也可以用于英文單詞的縮寫,如 Mrs., Dr., P.S. 等。但要注意的是當(dāng)縮寫的字母形成了一個(gè)單詞的時(shí)候就不要使用句點(diǎn)。如 IBM, DNA 等。二、?問號問號要用在一個(gè)直接的問句,而不是間接的。如 How will you solve the problem? 是正確的用法,但用在 I wonder how you will solve the problem?就不對了,應(yīng)該使用句點(diǎn)而不是問號。另外,在客氣的用語中,也是用句點(diǎn)而不是問號.如 Will you please give me a call tomorrow. 三、! 感嘆號感嘆號用于感嘆和驚嘆的陳述中,在商業(yè)寫作中要注意感嘆號的應(yīng)用,因?yàn)椴磺‘?dāng)?shù)氖褂脮@得突兀及不穩(wěn)重。四、;分號1.與中文一樣,分號用于分隔地位平等的獨(dú)立子句。在某些情況下,使用分號比使用句點(diǎn)更顯出子句之間的緊密聯(lián)系,另外分號也經(jīng)常與連接副詞 thus, however, therefore一起使用(放在這些詞語之前)。如 I realize I need exercise; however, I’ll lie down first to think about it. 2.在句子中如果已經(jīng)使用過逗點(diǎn),為了避免歧義的產(chǎn)生,就用分號來分隔相似的內(nèi)容。如 The employees were Tom Hanks, the manager; Jim White, the engineer; and Dr. Jack Lee. 需要注意的是:一個(gè)完整的句子以大寫字母開始,以句點(diǎn)結(jié)束。寫英文時(shí)用逗點(diǎn)代替句點(diǎn)、分號、冒號或破折號叫“逗號錯(cuò)”,這正是中國學(xué)生所要避免的。請比較下列例句:誤:It was raining hard, they could not work in the fields.(注意:上面句子中劃橫線的部分是兩個(gè)不同的主語,而且逗點(diǎn)前后的句子是完整的-----單獨(dú)拿出來都能代表一個(gè)完整的意思。因此,用逗號違反了英文規(guī)定,即一個(gè)句子只能有一套主干。)正:It was raining hard; they could not work in the fields.It was raining hard. They could not work in the fields.It was raining so hard that they could not work in the fields.They could not work in the fields because it was raining hard.It was raining hard, so they could not work in the fields.As it was raining hard, they could not work in the fields.誤:The essay is poorly organized, there is no central idea.正:The essay is poorly organized; there is no central idea.The essay is poorly organized: there is no central idea.五、:冒號1.冒號用于對后面內(nèi)容的介紹或解釋,如 This is her plan: go shopping. 2.冒號用于名單之前,特別是一個(gè)豎排的名單。We transferred three employees to new branches:? Tony Wang to New York City? Mike Jackson to Tokyo? Mark Foster to Paris當(dāng)名單橫排的時(shí)候,冒號要用在一個(gè)完整的句子之后,如 We need seven people: three students, three engineers, and a professor. 3.冒號用于一個(gè)正式的引用之前。如 The professor said: “It was horrible.” 4.冒號也可用于商業(yè)或正式信函的稱謂后面,如 Dear Mr. Lee:(美國英語中,信件或演說詞的稱呼語之后用冒號,而在英國英語中多用逗號。)5.冒號用于數(shù)字時(shí)間的表示,如16:45 或 4:45 p.m. 6.冒號用于主標(biāo)題和副標(biāo)題之間,如 Web Directory: World and Non-U.S. Economic Data 六、,逗點(diǎn)1.逗點(diǎn)用于分隔一系列的簡單內(nèi)容,如 I will go to Shanghai, Beijing, and Shenzhen.2.逗點(diǎn)用于修飾名詞的多個(gè)形容詞之間,如 a small, fancy bike 3.逗點(diǎn)用于連接兩個(gè)較長的獨(dú)立子句,而且每個(gè)句子的主語不同,如 The Grizzlies were out of timeouts, and Miller missed a desperation 3-pointer as time expired. 4.逗點(diǎn)用于關(guān)聯(lián)的子句之間,如 Since he’s your younger brother, please take care of him. 5.逗點(diǎn)用于一個(gè)較長的修飾短語之后,如 In the middle of the coldest winter on record, the pipes froze. 6.逗點(diǎn)用于直接引用的句子之前,如 Mary said, “Let’s go fishing.”(注意:這里說的和上面提及的冒號在直接引語中的使用不一樣。如果是引用比較正式的發(fā)言講話就要用冒號,一般情況下就用逗點(diǎn)。)如果句中含有間接引用就不需要逗點(diǎn),如 Mary said we should go fishing. 在反問句之前要使用逗點(diǎn),如 :He worked very hard, didn’t he?以上是比較常用的標(biāo)點(diǎn),下面列出一些次常用的標(biāo)點(diǎn):七、連字號Hyphen( -) 1.連字號主要用于某些前綴(如: self-,ex-和all-) 后和構(gòu)成復(fù)合詞。如: ex-husband(前夫),brand-new(全新的),poorly-dressed(衣著破爛的)I have forty-thousand or fifty-thousand dollars. I want to obtain the whole-year or half-year lease of the apartment. 當(dāng)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上復(fù)合詞并用, 而各復(fù)合詞連字號后的部分相同時(shí), 各復(fù)合詞的相同部分只出現(xiàn)一次,應(yīng)改為the whole-or half-year lease.  2.用于區(qū)分同一詞源3. 當(dāng)某復(fù)合詞中出現(xiàn)重復(fù)的字母或過多的元音, 使閱讀困難時(shí), 可用連字號把前綴和詞根分開。non-nuclear, re-use, semi-independent 4. 構(gòu)成某些復(fù)合數(shù)字(在英文寫作中,100以下的數(shù)字應(yīng)該用英文單詞寫出來,不可用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字代替)twenty-one during the years 1949-1999 有時(shí), 用作名詞的分?jǐn)?shù)可以不用連字號, 但所有用作形容詞的分詞均須加連字號。如: one fourth [ 也可one-fourth ] of those surveyed 5.用于一個(gè)詞的一部分要移行, 一般按音節(jié)間斷開單詞加連字號(例如:ha-ppy,不可斷為hap-py……),或根據(jù)發(fā)音,不要把單個(gè)字母留在行尾或行首。注意一頁中最后一個(gè)單詞不能使用連字號將其置于兩頁。八、圓括弧Parenthesis( ( ) ) 1.標(biāo)出表順序的數(shù)字和字母(如: (1) 、(2) 等) 2.用來表示其中插入的或附加的解釋成分。這個(gè)插入成分可以是單詞、詞組或句子.但要注意,括號會削弱強(qiáng)調(diào)作用,因此,如果要強(qiáng)調(diào)插入的句子成份,則要用破折號。They might take a walk together(remember feet) and see the neighborhood with fresh , new eyes. 九、引號Quotation Marks(“”‘’) 引號分單引號(single quotation marks) 和雙引號(double quotation marks) 。單引號只用在一個(gè)直接引語中所含有的另一個(gè)直接引語上。1. 表示直接引語。當(dāng)直接引語超過四行或多于40 個(gè)字詞時(shí), 一般不用引號而改用黑體字以便與文章的其它部分界線清晰“Well, ”the foreigner said to him ,“ you look like an engineer. ”句號和逗號必須置于引號(雙引號和單引號) 之內(nèi)。He told the gunman ,“I refuse to do that ”;his knees , however , were shaking even as he said those words. She called this schedule of activities her “l(fā)oad ”:work , study , exercise , recreation , and sleep. 冒號與分號必置于引號外。The teacher asked , “Could you understand me”? Did the teacher ask ,“Have they gone”?Did the teacher ask ,“They have gone ?” The frightened girl screamed ,“Help”! The fellow only said ,“Sorry !” He interrupted me , “Now , listen”——and went on saying. 問號、感嘆號和破折號有時(shí)置于引號之內(nèi), 有時(shí)置于外號之外。如果所引內(nèi)容本身是疑問句或感嘆句或帶有破折號, 問號、感嘆號或破折號一般放在引號之內(nèi)。否則,放在引號之外。2. 標(biāo)明短篇出版物的標(biāo)題, 諸如雜志、報(bào)紙上的文章、短詩、短篇故事和整部書的某一章節(jié)。Have you read“The Old Man and the Sea”? Chapter three is entitled“The Internet . ” 3.表示所用的詞語具有特殊意義。另外,當(dāng)俚語出現(xiàn)在較正式的文章中, 也用引號引起來, 以表示文風(fēng)的有意轉(zhuǎn)變。The report contained the“facts”of the case. The speaker owns a“fat farm”in California , which slims down rich overeaters for $2 , 500 a week. 4. 用于表示引起讀者注意的詞語, 或讀者不熟悉的特殊詞語。It is customary to say“Youpre welcome” whenever anyone says“Thank you. ” “SOS”is a message for help from a ship or aircraft when in danger. 十、省略號Ell ipsis(...) 此省略號無論出現(xiàn)在句首、句中、還是句尾,都是表示單詞的省略。1. 表示直接引語中的省略Max wrote ,“...in one word ,manps consciousness , changes with every change in the conditions of his material existence....” 句后的省略號和句號的寫法應(yīng)是在一條直線上的四個(gè)黑點(diǎn)。前三個(gè)黑點(diǎn)表示省略號,后一個(gè)黑點(diǎn)表句號。2. 表示說話中的猶豫或遲疑“If that the way you think...just go back to school ,”he said. 3. 表示段落或整行詞句的省略, 須使用一整行黑點(diǎn)。十一、撇號或省字號Apostrophe(’)1.構(gòu)成名詞所有格rest my son’ sa moment’s books A three weeks’pay 2.表示詞、字母、數(shù)碼、符號等的復(fù)數(shù)形式Don’t use so many ands in the sentence. How many 5s have you got? 這與一般單詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式不同, 正規(guī)的寫法須在s 前加“ ’ ”, 要牢記規(guī)則。3.除表動(dòng)詞的緊縮形式外, 還表一個(gè)或幾個(gè)字母和數(shù)字的省略。I’ve got it. “Yes ,ma’ am ,”the waiter said. 注意:有相當(dāng)大一部分省略詞是口語中的用法,不宜出現(xiàn)在書面語中。例如:I’d like to(在書面語中要寫作I would like to)十二、 字底線Underline( ) 和斜體Italics 斜體是英語的一種獨(dú)特的書寫手段, 但具有標(biāo)點(diǎn)的作用,它和字底線的作用完全一樣。1. 用于火車、飛機(jī)、輪船、太空船的名稱之下Challenger (飛機(jī)) Apollo Nine(太空船) 2. 用于具有一定厚度的書籍、報(bào)紙、雜志、長詩、電影、作曲的標(biāo)題下Have you read Gone with the Wind ?在書寫體中,長篇小說書名下要加字底線,如是印刷體寫成斜體即可。the Washington Post Time magazine 3.表示不常用的或還沒有被英語這一語言所接受的外來詞或短語。但外來語中的動(dòng)植物科目須用字底線來表示。In Korea , the sixty-first birthday is calld huan gup (beginning of new life) 1 He longed for La dolce vita. 4. 強(qiáng)調(diào)文章中的某些詞語,以引起讀者的注意, 相當(dāng)于漢語中的著重號(即在所強(qiáng)調(diào)的漢字下加一個(gè)黑點(diǎn)) 。英國英語和美國英語標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號的差異1.引號的用法:①屬于引語的逗號、句號在美國英語中位于引號內(nèi),而在英國英語中多位于引號外;②引語內(nèi)再套用引語時(shí),美國英語中雙引號在外單引號在內(nèi),而英國英語中的單引號在外、雙引號在內(nèi)。 在美國英語中,如果省略號恰好在句尾,就用四個(gè)點(diǎn),如I‘d like to...that is...if you don‘t mind....  2. 冒號的用法:①在小時(shí)與分鐘之間,美國英語多用冒號,英國英語多用句號;②美國英語中,信件或演說詞的稱呼語之后用冒號,而在英國英語中多用逗號。 中英文標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號的差異 漢語中目前使用的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號是參考借鑒西文的標(biāo)點(diǎn)體系而制定的,它既保留了西文標(biāo)點(diǎn)的主體特征,又帶有與漢語語言特點(diǎn)相適應(yīng)的特色。因而,中英文標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號之間存在著一定的差異,

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《英文標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號的使用》(http://www.lotusphilosophies.com)。  ⒈ 漢語中的某些標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號為英語所沒有。 ⑴ 頓號(、):頓號在漢語中起分割句子中的并列成分的作用;英語中沒有頓號,分割句中的并列成分多用逗號。如: She slowly, carefully, deliberately moved the box. 注意:類似的情況下,最后一個(gè)逗號后可加and,這個(gè)逗號也可省略--She slowly, carefully(,) and deliberately moved the box. ⑵ 書名號(《》):英文沒有書名號,書名、報(bào)刊名用斜體或者下劃線表示。如: Hamlet / Hamlet 《哈姆雷特》 Winter‘s Tale / Winter‘s Tale 《冬天的童話》 The New York Times / The New York Times 《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》 另外,英語中文章、詩歌、樂曲、電影、繪畫等的名稱和交通工具、航天器等的專有名詞也常用斜體來表示。 ⑶ 間隔號(?):漢語有間隔號,用在月份和日期、音譯的名和姓等需要隔開的詞語的正中間,如"一二?九"、"奧黛麗?赫本(人名)"等。英語中沒有漢語的間隔號,需要間隔時(shí)多用逗點(diǎn)。 ⑷ 著重號:有時(shí)漢語用在文字下點(diǎn)實(shí)心圓點(diǎn)表示需要強(qiáng)調(diào)的詞語,這些實(shí)心點(diǎn)就是著重號。而英語中沒有這一符號,需強(qiáng)調(diào)某些成分時(shí)可借助文字斜體、某些強(qiáng)調(diào)性詞匯、特殊句型、標(biāo)點(diǎn)停頓等多種方法。 ⒉ 英語中的某些標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號為漢語所沒有。 ⑴ 撇號--Apostrophe(‘)⑵ 連字號--Hyphen(-)⑶ 斜線號—Virgule or Slash(/):該符號主要起分割作用,如It could be for staff and / or students. 也常用于標(biāo)音,如bed /bed/。 ⒊ 某些符號在漢英兩種語言中的形式不同。 ⑴ 中文的句號是空心圈(。)英文的句號是實(shí)心點(diǎn)(.)。 ⑵ 英文的省略號是三個(gè)點(diǎn)(...),位置在行底;中文的為六個(gè)點(diǎn)(......),居于行中。⑶ 英文的破折號是(-)中文的是(--)中國學(xué)生常見標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號錯(cuò)誤例析(1) 頓號、書名號、句號、省略號錯(cuò)誤。比較中英文標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號可見,英文標(biāo)點(diǎn)中沒有中文形式的頓號、書名號、句號和省略號。而這四種標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號成了大學(xué)英語寫作中“借鑒頻率較高的符號。如: 〔錯(cuò)誤〕1. While she is reading《Gone With the Wind》, I am cooking!插e(cuò)誤〕2. My sister bought a lot of fruits for me , such as banana 、orange 、apple and pear. 英文中的印刷體用斜體字表示書籍、報(bào)刊、戲劇、電影、繪畫作品等的名稱,在書寫體或打字機(jī)打的文本中用字下線表示斜體字;英文常用逗號來代替冒號;而句號是用實(shí)心小黑點(diǎn)表示。故以上兩句應(yīng)改為: 〔修改〕1. While she is reading Gone With the Wind , I am cooking. (印刷體) 或While she is reading Gone With the Wind , I am cooking. (書寫體) 〔修改〕2. My sister bought a lot of fruits for me , such as banana , orange , apple and pear. 還有,英文中的省略號其實(shí)是三個(gè)句號的并列,許多學(xué)生由于受中文影響常錯(cuò)誤地把英文省略號寫成六點(diǎn)。 (2) 冒號錯(cuò)誤。冒號是中英文兼有的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號。在漢語中,冒號是表示提示性話語之后的停頓,常用在“說、道、講、問、唱、回答、喊、吼”等動(dòng)詞的后邊,以標(biāo)明下面的話是誰說的。此用法影響下列英文句子標(biāo)點(diǎn): 〔錯(cuò)誤〕3. I thought to myself :“What kind of trap is she laying ?” 〔錯(cuò)誤〕4. He asked :“Where are you from ?” 以上兩例中的冒號在英文中需用逗點(diǎn)表示。漢語中的冒號還可用在“如次“如下“例如“像等引起下文的提示語后邊。在英文表達(dá)中,“for example”(例如) 一類的詞后常用逗點(diǎn)代替冒號。〔錯(cuò)誤〕5. Good manners can be seen in everyday life. For example : a person with good manners is kind and helpful to others. 〔修改〕5. Good manners can be seen in everyday life. For example , a person with good manners is kind and helpful to others. (3) 破折號錯(cuò)誤。漢語中的破折號標(biāo)明行文中解釋說明的部分,而英文同位語也具有同等說明的功能,故英文寫作中用破折號連接同位語成份的錯(cuò)誤也屢見不鮮。如: 〔錯(cuò)誤〕6. We are studying and living at the famous university — Beijing University. 〔修改〕6. We are studying and living at the famous university , Beijing University. 對于同位語,英語一般使用逗點(diǎn)而不用破折號。英文中破折號的用法遠(yuǎn)沒有中文的豐富。在大學(xué)英語寫作中,與語法知識有關(guān)的標(biāo)點(diǎn)錯(cuò)誤主要有: (1) 把非限制性定語從句(non -restrictive attributive clause) 理解成限制性定語從句(restrictive attributive clause) 而忽略用逗點(diǎn)。如:〔錯(cuò)誤〕7. We were led into a nearest fabric shop that was divided into two parts.從句意來看,上句是一個(gè)非限制性定語從句,故應(yīng)在shop 后加逗點(diǎn),把that 相應(yīng)改成which 即:〔修改〕7. We were led into a nearest fabric shop , which was divided into two parts.(2) 不論狀語從句在整個(gè)句子中處于何種位置,一概以逗點(diǎn)隔開!插e(cuò)誤〕8. We will go there , if it is fine tomorrow. 狀語從句可置于句首或句末。置于句首時(shí),一般要用標(biāo)點(diǎn)隔開;而置于句末時(shí),則無需與主句隔開,故 以上句子應(yīng)改為: 〔修改〕8. If it is fine tomorrow , we will go there. 或We will go there if it is fine tomorrow. (3) 在疑問句形式的陳述句后使用問號!插e(cuò)誤〕9. What fun we girls could expect , to stay in the same class , studying for four long years with them ?I wondered. 〔修改〕9. What fun could we girls expect , to stay in the same class , studying for four long years with them , I wondered. 英語疑問除可用問號來表達(dá)外,尚可用詞序加以表達(dá)。故上例的疑問可用逗點(diǎn)表示。(4) 誤把however ,therefore , because , thus 等起聯(lián)系作用的副詞當(dāng)成并列連詞,導(dǎo)致寫作中的逗號粘連(comma splice) 錯(cuò)誤!插e(cuò)誤〕10. She thought what the teacher pointed out was right , however , she didn’t care for that . 兩個(gè)完整的句子或兩個(gè)并列句之間不能一概用逗點(diǎn)點(diǎn)開, 可用句號、分號或在逗點(diǎn)后加并列連詞(and , but , or , for , so , nor , yet) 等方法修改。故上例可改為: 〔修改〕10. She thought what the teacher pointed out was right . However , she didn’t care for that .或She thought what the teacher pointed out was right ; however , she didn’t care for that .或She thought what the teacher pointed out was right , but she didn’t care for that . (5) 與comma splice 相映成趣的是,許多學(xué)生作文時(shí),極少考慮句子間的邏輯關(guān)系,一個(gè)逗點(diǎn)連首尾,導(dǎo)致大量熔句(fused sentence) 的堆砌。例如: 〔錯(cuò)誤〕11. Young men like blue jeans they wear them all the time. 〔修改〕11. Young men like blue jeans ; they wear them all the time. 或Young men like blue jeans. They wear them all the time. 或Young men like blue jeans , and they wear them all the time. 或Young men like blue jeans ; they wear them all the time. 或Since young men like blue jeans , they wear them all the time. (6) 兩個(gè)并列的形容詞間以and 代替逗點(diǎn)!插e(cuò)誤〕12. Through the window , in front of me were large green fields which reminded me of the small clearing where I spent my lonely and hard childhood. 現(xiàn)代英語表達(dá)一般在兩個(gè)形容詞中間不使用and , 而是用逗點(diǎn)分隔!残薷摹12. Through the window , in front of me were large green fields which reminded me of the small clearing where I spent my lonely , hard childhood因語體錯(cuò)位而造成的標(biāo)點(diǎn)錯(cuò)誤。英文寫作是一種書面語的輸出。其書面語體的特征要求其與口頭語相區(qū)別?谡Z中存在的大量縮約(contraction) 在書面語體中應(yīng)盡量避免。而許多學(xué)生在書面作文中大量使用省字號(’),幾乎1/ 3 左右的作文在文體上存在漏洞,現(xiàn)代英語的發(fā)展對此卻難以容忍。如: 1. I’d like to share my joys with you. ( I would like to) 2. .you can’t behave like that . (you cannot) 3. .there’re so many splendid toys for me to select . (there are) 其他錯(cuò)誤:(1) 引號錯(cuò)誤!插e(cuò)誤〕13.“No pain , no gain. ”If you . 〔修改〕13. As the saying goes ,“No pain , no gain. ” 英文中短小的引語與作者提示“某某說之類的詞語之間用逗點(diǎn)隔開,置于引號內(nèi)。不能省略提示語“某某說之類而直接引用。〔錯(cuò)誤〕14. Glancing through the essay entitled“Why Not More ? ”, Dr. Jefferson frowned thoughtfully. 〔修改〕14. Glancing through the essay entitled“Why Not More ?,”Dr. Jefferson frowned thoughtfully. 許多學(xué)生對諸如上例引號邊的標(biāo)點(diǎn)位置含糊,不清楚以下常用法:句號和逗號必須置于引號之內(nèi);冒號和分號必須置于引號之外;如果所引內(nèi)容本身是疑問句或感嘆句,問號和感嘆號一般放在引號之內(nèi),否則,問號和感嘆號則放在引號之外。(2) 日-月-年次序的日期中的逗號錯(cuò)誤。英語日期的表達(dá)可以用月-日-年的次序和日-月-年的次序,日和年之間加逗號而月和年之間習(xí)慣上不加逗號。例如: 誤把“13 August 2002”寫成“13 August , 2002”。(3) 在部分副詞如perhaps , so 后加逗號。如:〔錯(cuò)誤〕16. Perhaps , I would not have such a good chance again.〔錯(cuò)誤〕17. So , they keep in touch with each other merely by writing letters and phoning now.以上兩句的修改方法是把句中的逗號去掉。(4) 連接號(hyphen) 錯(cuò)誤。許多英語習(xí)作者往往隨意用連接號派生單詞,如把“boyfriend”寫成“boy -friend”;“middle school”寫成“middle -school”。在行末單詞分行時(shí),連接號使用錯(cuò)誤更多。與之相反,若把本應(yīng)有的連接號粗心刪去,其單詞含義可能會大相徑庭。如有一年美國政府在一份貿(mào)易清單上列舉了一些免稅進(jìn)口的物品,其中有一種是foreign fruit —plants(外國果樹苗),后來由于打字員的疏忽,漏打連接號使其成了foreign fruit , plants(外國水果、樹苗),結(jié)果導(dǎo)致第二年大量的水果如桔子、葡萄等從世界各地免稅涌入美國市場從而使美國政府當(dāng)年損失約200 多萬美元。應(yīng)用逗號而沒用,造成語義的表達(dá)不清。Please send me a gross each of the red , green ,blue ,orange and black ties. 使人看了以后不知是發(fā)5 摞(1 摞= 12 打) —紅、綠、藍(lán)、橙、黑各一摞— 領(lǐng)帶,還是發(fā)4 摞—紅、綠、藍(lán)、橙黑各一摞領(lǐng)帶。這句話可改為: ①Please send me a gross each of the red , green ,blue ,orange ,and black ties. ②Please send me a gross each of the red , green ,blue ,orange-and-black ties. 該用分號的地方用了逗點(diǎn), 不該用標(biāo)點(diǎn)的地方也用了逗點(diǎn),都導(dǎo)致了句子的錯(cuò)誤。①People make history , unusual people make history interesting. 此句逗點(diǎn)應(yīng)改為分號, 這是兩個(gè)獨(dú)立分句。②Mary was happiest when she was free of her parents’ scrutiny , or while she was working in her garden. 此句的并列連詞是連接的成對的從句,而不是獨(dú)立分句,連詞前面的逗號應(yīng)去掉。標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號的使用是約定俗成的, 初學(xué)寫作的人只有牢記它的使用規(guī)則, 才能寫出規(guī)范的文章來。

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