奧運(yùn)項(xiàng)目介紹：曲棍球 Hockey

About Hockey （Olympic sport since 1908）

　　Hockey is the oldest known ball and stick game. Records exist of it having been played in Persia in 2000 BC. In medieval Europe, pictures of men playing a game with hooked sticks appear on stained-glass windows at both the Canterbury and Gloucester cathedrals. It became so popular by the Middle Ages that it was banned in England for a time because it interfered with the practice of archery, which was the basis for national defense. The name hockey probably derives from the French hocquet, or shepherd's crook, and refers to the crooked stick.

India dominated the sport for three decades, winning all six Olympic gold medals and 30 consecutive games from 1928 to 1956. The first Balbir Singh, who was followed by four more players of the same name who also played for victorious Indian teams, scored five goals in a 6-1 gold-medal victory over the Netherlands at Helsinki in 1952. 

曲棍球概述（1908年成為奧運(yùn)會正式比賽項(xiàng)目）

　　曲棍球是使用帶有彎頭的木棍控制球的一種球類運(yùn)動，是同類運(yùn)動中歷史最悠久的。據(jù)記載早在公元前2000年前的波斯就已經(jīng)有了該運(yùn)動，英國的坎特伯雷和格魯賽斯特大教堂玻璃窗上都印有類似于現(xiàn)代曲棍球比賽的圖像，中世紀(jì)時該項(xiàng)運(yùn)動得到廣泛普及，但是英國在那時過于重視作為國家防御基礎(chǔ)的射箭項(xiàng)目，而將曲棍球運(yùn)動終止了一段時間。曲棍球“hockey”的名字大概來源于法語中的“hocquet”，意識是“牧羊人的彎棍”，特指帶彎頭的木棍。

　　從1928年起至1956年，印度隊(duì)以絕對優(yōu)勢連續(xù)獲得6屆奧運(yùn)會曲棍球冠軍，在該項(xiàng)目上稱霸世界近30年。巴爾比爾-辛格帶領(lǐng)著其他4名都叫辛格的印度人，在1952年赫爾辛基奧運(yùn)會上以6：1的比分戰(zhàn)勝了芬蘭，奪取了金牌。

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