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中級(jí)口譯、高級(jí)口譯知識(shí):英譯漢部分試題評(píng)析
現(xiàn)如今,許多人都需要跟試題打交道,試題可以幫助學(xué)校或各主辦方考察參試者某一方面的知識(shí)才能。什么類型的試題才能有效幫助到我們呢?下面是小編精心整理的中級(jí)口譯、高級(jí)口譯知識(shí):英譯漢部分試題評(píng)析,希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。
上海外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)
成功考生應(yīng)具備的條件
英譯漢是一種跨語(yǔ)言、跨文化、跨社會(huì)的交際活動(dòng)過(guò)程。作為一個(gè)成功的考生,首先要通曉英漢兩種語(yǔ)言.在翻譯時(shí)能比較快速自如地在英漢兩種語(yǔ)言間進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換;其次要了解英譯漢測(cè)試的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn),測(cè)試要求、目的、題型及選材原則;最后,通過(guò)考前復(fù)習(xí),了解英譯漢測(cè)試的難點(diǎn),掌突破該難點(diǎn)的應(yīng)試技巧。
英譯漢評(píng)分要求
翻譯原則本無(wú)定論。然而,本項(xiàng)考試英譯漢的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)主要傾向于“忠實(shí)”與“通順”并舉。也就是說(shuō),英語(yǔ)文本能否以直譯的類型。具體要求為:內(nèi)容完整、準(zhǔn)確.基本無(wú)遺漏或錯(cuò)譯,表達(dá)流利,語(yǔ)言基本無(wú)錯(cuò)誤。
英譯漢測(cè)試題型及選材原則
英譯漢測(cè)試題型為主觀試題,一般由5~8個(gè)句子組成兩個(gè)段落的一篇文章(長(zhǎng)度約為250詞)。由此可見(jiàn),英譯漢的難處在于翻譯結(jié)構(gòu)相對(duì)復(fù)雜的長(zhǎng)句。
選材原則取自近年國(guó)外英語(yǔ)書(shū)報(bào)雜志,內(nèi)容涉及國(guó)際知識(shí)。外交關(guān)系。英美國(guó)家的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)、文化、法律或歷史,而且是正統(tǒng)的英文。由于考試選材的與時(shí)俱進(jìn),因此考生必須關(guān)心國(guó)內(nèi)外的時(shí)勢(shì).對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外所發(fā)生的一些重大事件有所了解。背景知識(shí)的豐富是理解英文文章的關(guān)鍵。建議考生經(jīng)常閱讀英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的報(bào)刊和雜志,如《New York Times》《Washington Post》《The Times》等。
結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜長(zhǎng)句的翻譯
翻譯結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的長(zhǎng)句,應(yīng)首先弄清英文句子各個(gè)成分之間的相互關(guān)系.在準(zhǔn)確理解句子完整意思的基礎(chǔ)上,按漢語(yǔ)所習(xí)慣的時(shí)間順序和邏輯思維順序,譯成符合漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣的文字。由于英語(yǔ)的狀語(yǔ)位置靈活.可放在句首、句尾或句子中間,定語(yǔ)又有前置定語(yǔ)、后置定語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。翻譯長(zhǎng)句時(shí),不可能把英語(yǔ)原句的結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換成與其一模一樣的漢語(yǔ)句子?忌殞(duì)英文原句的內(nèi)容按語(yǔ)段進(jìn)行拆分,而后按漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)方式,將拆分后的各部分內(nèi)容重新整合成意思與英語(yǔ)原句完全相同的句子。通過(guò)對(duì)考生試卷的分析,有一定英文基礎(chǔ),又掌握了這種“拆分—整合”的翻譯技巧的考生都能將英文長(zhǎng)句的意思忠實(shí)而又通順地翻譯出來(lái),取得成功。
句子“拆分”
(1) The expansion and increase have produced technicians, etc. who are employed by men. (2) These people that they deal with symbols and ideas have become the engineer. (3) Intellectuals are free from daily work, they carry load and enjoy grants and subsidies.//
(4) The budget is the base that supports his independence. (5) The budget sustains both the existence and fiscal solvency, which takes a percentage. (6) The feature is that it is given on a basis so that the independence rests upon capacity. (7) The ability is a talent.//
考生如果遇到這樣的英譯漢試題,一定會(huì)覺(jué)得主考教師發(fā)錯(cuò)了試卷,將高中生英文試卷誤作中級(jí)口譯試卷,其實(shí)這一試題就是2003年9月上海市英語(yǔ)中級(jí)口譯資格證書(shū)第一階段考試英譯漢部分的試題,只不過(guò)在此做了“拆分”工作。全真試題如下:
(1) The expansion of the universities since the beginning of the World War II and the great increase in the number of college graduates and Ph. D s have produced a corps of technicians, aids, speechwriters, symbol manufacturers, investigators and policy proposers who are now employed
英譯漢試題 1
和遠(yuǎn)方的朋友保持聯(lián)系不是一件容易的事。對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō),情形就是這樣。
離開(kāi)舊街區(qū)和那里的朋友們已有幾年了。我一直打算給他們寫(xiě)信,可是總有這樣那樣的事兒,似乎就是抽不出空,F(xiàn)在可以說(shuō)我與他們失去聯(lián)系了。但是我一直記掛著他們,我想我今后也一定會(huì)努力與他們保持通信聯(lián)系的。
It is not easy to keep touch with friends when they are far away. To me this is certainly the case. It is a couple of years since I left my old neighborhood and all the friends I had there. I have been meaning to write to them but something or other comes up and I just do not seem to find the time. Now I have kind of lost touch with them.However, they are always on my mind, and I think I will surely do my best to keep up correspondence with them in future.
英譯漢試題 2
很難想象我們的先輩們沒(méi)有現(xiàn)代技術(shù)帶來(lái)的這么多方便那日子是怎么過(guò)的。那個(gè)時(shí)候只有一小部分的人享受一些舒適條件。大部分人連飯都吃不飽,更不要說(shuō)接受教育的權(quán)利了。然而,許多人責(zé)怪現(xiàn)代技術(shù),說(shuō)它帶來(lái)了很多問(wèn)題。他們想減慢進(jìn)步的速度。但是誰(shuí)也不能阻止時(shí)代的前進(jìn)。我們能做的是就技術(shù)向哪個(gè)方向發(fā)展做出明智的決定。
It is hard to imagine how our grandfathers could do without so many conveniences that modern technology has brought about。 Back then only a small proportion of the population enjoyed some comforts. The majority did not even have sufficient food, not to speak of the privilege of being educated. However, many people blame modern technology, for the problem it has created. They want to slow down the rate of progress. But no one can put the clock back. The best we can do is to make informed decisions as the direction in which technology is to develop.
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