Earmark：撥款，指定用途

巴西屬于世界上農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)最具競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的國(guó)家，但隨著土地分配矛盾日趨激化，農(nóng)業(yè)土地改革運(yùn)動(dòng)的力量不斷壯大。11月25日，8千多名失去土地的抗議者包圍了巴西中央銀行，要求政府為加速土地改革提供更多的經(jīng)濟(jì)支持，否則明年他們將為爭(zhēng)奪屬于自己的土地而拿起武器。外電報(bào)道如下：More than 8,000 Brazilian landless activists surrounded the central bank on Thursday and threatened a big fight over land next year unless they get more public money to speed up land reform.

Joao Pedro Stedile, a leader of the radical leftist Landless Workers Movement, said peasants could stage more land occupations if Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva does not earmark more funds to expropriate and redistribute unused farmland, as the Brazilian constitution demands.

Lula, Brazil's first working class president, pledged to settle 400,000 families -- or around 1.6 million people -- during his four-year term. He has only created plots for 106,000 families nearly two years into office.

Earmark的本義是“為牲畜耳部打上耳號(hào)，標(biāo)上記號(hào)”，這里表示“撥款；指定（款項(xiàng)的）特殊用途”，例如：1000 dollars is earmarked to buy books for the library.（特別撥款一千美元為圖書館購(gòu)書。）This sum of money is earmarked for our research.（這筆款子是專門撥給我們作研究用的。）

據(jù)悉，幅員遼闊的巴西總?cè)丝跒?.8億，其中土著人口30萬。在戰(zhàn)后的大規(guī)模開發(fā)中，土著人成了犧牲品，不僅政治上被逐漸邊緣化，生存的空間也越來越小。失去土地的農(nóng)民和大莊園主之間的矛盾日益激化，搶占土地、武裝沖突和自殺事件層出不窮。

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