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歷屆高考英語長難句
英語長難句是指包含多個分句、從句、修飾語和插入語等復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)的句子，這些句子通常較長，語法結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，理解起來比較困難以下是小編整理的歷屆高考英語長難句，僅供參考，歡迎大家閱讀。
高考英語長難句
1.First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab polytechnique.
這個定理，先是由十七世紀(jì)法國數(shù)學(xué)家皮爾法特提出，曾使一批杰出的數(shù)學(xué)大師為難，包括一位法國女科學(xué)家，她在解決這個難題方面取得了重大的進展，她曾女扮男裝為了能夠在伊科爾理工學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)。
簡析：夾雜過去分詞短語，現(xiàn)在分詞短語，動名詞及兩個定語從句。
2. It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers, although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when e-mail is introduced, the printers start working overtime. That is, the growing demand for paper in recent years is largely due to the increased use of the Internet.
由于因特網(wǎng)的使用，計算所使用的紙張的數(shù)量是很難的，然而幾乎任何在辦公室工作的人能告訴你，當(dāng)引進電子郵件后，打印機就開始超時工作。也就是說近年來人們對于紙張的日益需求主要是由于因特網(wǎng)越來越多的使用。
簡析：夾雜較復(fù)雜的句型結(jié)構(gòu)，關(guān)鍵詞just about幾乎;overtime超時地。
3. Perhaps the best sign of how computer and internet use pushes up demand for paper comes from the high-tech industry itself, which sees printing as one of its most promising new market.
或許，表明電腦及因特網(wǎng)使用促進人們對于紙張的需求的最好跡象源于高科技產(chǎn)業(yè)本身，印刷業(yè)被認(rèn)為是高科技產(chǎn)業(yè)極有前景的新市場之一。
簡析：夾雜較復(fù)雜的句型結(jié)構(gòu)，關(guān)鍵詞promising有前途的。
4. The action group has also found acceptable paper made from materials other than wood, such as agricultural waste.
這個行動組也發(fā)現(xiàn)一種人們可接受的紙，制成這種紙的原料不是木料，而是農(nóng)業(yè)廢料。
簡析：關(guān)鍵詞other than而不是。
5. Mostly borrowed from English and Chinese, these terms are often changed into forms no longer understood by native speakers.
這些術(shù)語，主要從英語和漢語引入，經(jīng)常會變成不再被說本族語的人們理解的形式。
簡析：關(guān)鍵詞term術(shù)語。
6. It is one of many language books that are now flying off booksellers’ shelves.
它是現(xiàn)在很暢銷的許多外語書中的一本。
簡析：比喻生動形象。
7. The mass media and government white papers play an important part in the spread of foreign words.
大眾傳播媒介和政府白皮書(正式報告)在外國詞傳播過程中起重要作用。
簡析：關(guān)鍵詞the mass media and government white papers大眾傳播媒介和政府白皮書(正式報告)。
8.Tales from Animal Hospital will delight all fans of the programme and anyone who was a lively interest in their pet, whether it be a cat 、dog or snake!
來自動物醫(yī)院(這個電視節(jié)目)的故事(這本書)，將使這個電視節(jié)目的愛好者以及對無論是貓、狗還是蛇這類寵物有濃厚興趣的任何人感到高興。
簡析：關(guān)鍵詞fans…愛好者，whether…or…，無論是…還是…。
9. Newton is shown as a gifted scientist with very human weaknesses who stood at the point in history where magic ended and science began.
牛頓被證明是一位很有才華的科學(xué)家，他處于一個魔術(shù)終結(jié)科學(xué)開啟的歷史時期，他也有普通人所特有的弱點。
簡析：夾雜兩個定語從句。
10. But for all the texts that are written, stored and sent electronically, a lot of them are still ending up on paper.
但對于所有這些以電子手段記錄，貯存及傳遞的文本而言，許多文本仍要(打印)在紙上。
簡析：關(guān)鍵詞text文本;end up最后成為(處于)。
11.With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence, according to Intermountain Therapy Animals(ITA) in salt Lake City.
據(jù)鹽湖城的ITA的觀點，閃爍的棕色眼睛，搖著尾巴，并有無條件的愛心，狗能成為無判斷力的(忠實的)聽者，這是剛開始搞閱讀的小孩所需要的。
簡析：夾雜with構(gòu)成的介詞短語及過去分詞短語。
12. The Salt Lake City public library is sold on the idea.
這家鹽湖城公共圖書館接受這個觀點。
簡析：關(guān)鍵詞sell on (to)使接受。
13. Discovered by the Portuguese admiral of the same name in 1506, and settled in 1810, the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred.
這個島嶼，于1506年被同名的葡萄牙上將發(fā)現(xiàn)，在1810年有人居住，現(xiàn)在屬于英國，人口數(shù)有幾百人。
簡析：有兩個過去分詞短語作狀語。
14. They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years, giving them plenty of time to build more than 1000 huge stone figures, called moat, for which the island is most famous.
他們已有一千多年與外界沒有聯(lián)系，這給他們充足的時間來修建1000多座巨大的石像，被稱為莫艾，因為有這個東西這個島嶼極其出名。
簡析：夾雜有現(xiàn)在分詞短語，過去分詞短語及定語從句。
15. Our parties are aimed for children 2 to 10 and they’re very interactive and creative in that they build a sense of drama based on a subject.
我們的(生日)聚會針對兩到十歲的小孩，它們互動感強，富有創(chuàng)新，因為它們能基于一個主題構(gòu)建一種戲劇的氛圍。
簡析：關(guān)鍵詞aim for 針對;in that 在于。
16. The most important idea behind the kind of party planning described here is that it brings parents and children closer together.
在這里敘述的這種籌備(生日)聚會的計劃所帶有的最重要的觀點在于它能讓父母和孩子的關(guān)系更加密切。
簡析：夾雜過去分詞短語及表語從句。
17.He had realized that the words: “one of six to eight” under the first picture in the book connected the hare in some way to Katherine of Aragon, the first of Henry VIII’s six wives.
他曾認(rèn)識到那本書里第一幅圖畫下面的那些詞“一、六、八”在某些方面將這個野兔和阿拉甘的凱撒英，即亨利八世的六個妻子當(dāng)中的第一個妻子，聯(lián)系起來。
簡析：夾雜賓語從句及過去分詞短語。
18.Until one day he came across two stone crosses in Ampthill park and learnt that they had been built in her honor in 1773.
直到有一天他在阿帕斯?fàn)柟珗@碰巧看見兩個石制的十字架，他才懂得在1773年修建這兩個十字架是為了向她表示敬意。
簡析：關(guān)鍵詞come across碰巧遇見，in one’s honor紀(jì)念某人。
19. It is Sue Townsend’s musical play, based on her best-selling book.
它是蘇珊·湯森德的音樂劇本，根據(jù)她暢銷的小說改編的。
簡析：關(guān)鍵詞best-selling 暢銷的。
20. Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend, and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business.
戈德是對有機食品感興趣眾多購買者當(dāng)中的一位，遍及英國的超市依賴更多像他那樣的購買者，因為他們要增加有機食品生意。
簡析：關(guān)鍵詞count on 依賴。
21. Supporters of underground development say that building down rather than building up is a good way to use the earth’s space.
地下發(fā)展的支持者說在地下搞建筑而不是在地上搞建筑是一種利用地球空間的辦法。
簡析：關(guān)鍵詞rather than 而不是。
22. Those who could were likely to name a woman.
那些能夠說出好朋友名字的單身男人，很有可能說出一個女人的名字。
簡析：省略句who could (name a best friend )承前省。
23. In general, women’s friendships with each other rest on shared emotions and support, but men’s relationships are marked by shared activities.
一般來說，女人相互的友誼基于相互分享情感和支持，但男人間的關(guān)系以共同參與社會活動為特征。
簡析：關(guān)鍵詞rest on 依靠。
24.For the most part, interactions between men are emotionally controlled —a good fit with the social requirements of“manly behavior”.
就大部分而言，男人間的交往在感情上受控制，這與“男子漢氣概” 的社會要求是相符合的。
簡析：關(guān)鍵詞for the most part就大部分而言。
25.Whereas a woman’s closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage, it wasn’t unusual to hear a man say he didn’t know his friend’s marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa.
一個女人最親密的女性朋友可能是第一個告訴她離開一次失敗的婚姻;而聽見一個男人說直到他的朋友一天晚上問他是否可以睡在他家的沙發(fā)上他才知道他朋友的婚姻已非常糟糕，這是很平常的。
簡析：夾雜多種語法結(jié)構(gòu)not unusual=usual; not…until…，直到…才…。
26. Before 1066, in the land we now call Great Britain lived peoples belonging to two major language groups.
1066年以前，在我們現(xiàn)在稱為英國的土地上，住著屬于兩個主要語種的民族。
簡析：倒裝句，并含有定語從句及分詞短語。
27. If this state of affairs had lasted, English today would be close to German.
如果這種情況延續(xù)下去的話，那么今天的英語將和德語很相近。
簡析：含虛擬語氣。
28. We even have different word for some foods, meat in particular, depending on whether it is still out in the fields or at home ready to be cooked, which Shows the fact that the Saxon peasants were doing the farming. while the upper-class Normans were doing most of the eating.
我們甚至對某些食物有不同的單詞，特別是肉類，取決于它是長在田野里，還是在家里準(zhǔn)備煮著吃，這就表明一個事實，即薩克森農(nóng)民在農(nóng)田干活，而上層階級的諾曼人在大吃大喝。
簡析：含對比。
29. When Americans visit Europe for the first time, they usually find Germany more “Foreign” than France because the German they see on signs and ads seems much more different from English than French does.
當(dāng)美國人第一次游覽歐洲時，他們通常發(fā)現(xiàn)德國比法國對他們來說更加“陌生”，因為他們在標(biāo)牌和廣告上看到的德語，比起法語更加不同于英語。
簡析： 含比較級句型結(jié)構(gòu)。
30. Some companies have made the manufacturing of clean and safe products their main selling point and emphasize it in their advertising.
一些公司已經(jīng)把潔凈安全產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)當(dāng)作他們主要的銷售關(guān)鍵，并且在他們的廣告宣傳中強調(diào)這一點。
簡析：make后接雙賓語。
31. After their stay, all visitors receive a survival certificate recording their success, that is, when guests leave the igloo hotel they will receive a paper stating that they have had a taste of adventure.
在他們逗留之后，所有的游客都會收到一份生存證明記錄他們的成功，也就是說當(dāng)游客離開小冰屋旅館時，他們會得到一份證明，表明他們曾嘗試過冒險。
簡析：含兩個分詞短語，關(guān)鍵詞state表明。
32. The major market force rests in the growing population of white-collar employees, who can afford the new service, in other words, Shanghai’s car rental industry is growing so fast mainly due to the increasing number of white-collar employees.
主要的市場因素取決于白領(lǐng)工人的人數(shù)增加，這些人付得起這種新型服務(wù)，換句話說，上海的汽車出租行業(yè)發(fā)展如此快，主要因為白領(lǐng)工人人數(shù)的增加。
簡析：關(guān)鍵詞rest in 依賴。
33. That you won’t be for long means it won’t be long before you’ll have to recycle your rubbish.
你不會等很長時間意味著過不了多久你就會回收你的垃圾。
簡析：夾雜主語從句及賓語從句。
34. These words, I have just made up, have to stand for thing and ideas that we simply can’t think of.
這些詞，是我編造的，只是代表我們不能想到的事物和觀念。
簡析：關(guān)鍵詞make up 編造。
35. Picturing(Imagining) the future will serve the interests of the present and future generations.
設(shè)想未來有益于現(xiàn)在和將來的幾代人。
簡析：關(guān)鍵詞picture活用為動詞想象，設(shè)想。
36. Decision thinking is not unlike poker — it often matters not only what you think, but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think.
做決策像打撲克牌，起作用的不但是你怎么想的，還包括別人對你的想法是怎么看的以及你對別人的看法是如何考慮的。
簡析：含較復(fù)雜的句型結(jié)構(gòu)not unlike=like not only…but also…不僅…而且…
37. The easy way out isn’t always easiest.
解決問題容易的辦法并非總是最容易的。
簡析：關(guān)鍵詞the way out 解決問題的辦法。
38.The hot sun had caused the dough (面團) to double in size and the fermenting yeast(酵母) made the surface shake and sigh as though it were breathing and it looked like some unknown being from outer space.
炙熱的太陽導(dǎo)致面團面積加倍，酵母使面團的表面擺晃嘆息，似乎它在呼吸，它看上去像某種來自外部空間的無名生物。
簡析：比喻形象生動。
39. After all, what lively children wouldn’t settle for spending only half the day doing ordinary school work, and acting, singing or dancing their way through the other half of the day?
畢竟，難道這些活潑可愛的孩子們不滿足于半天搞普通教育的文化課，半天搞表演、唱歌、舞蹈等舞臺訓(xùn)練嗎?
簡析：反問句式，語氣強烈。
40. Dad, in a hurry to get home before dark so he could go for a run, had forgotten wear his safety belt—a mistake 75% of the US population make every day.
爸爸，急匆匆地在天黑之前趕回家，以便他能出去跑步，卻忘記系安全帶—這是75%的美國人每天犯的一個錯誤。
簡析：關(guān)鍵詞for a run去跑步。
41.The summit was to mark the 25th anniversary(周年)of president Nixon’s journey to China, which was the turning point in China-US relations.
這次高峰會是為了紀(jì)念尼克松總統(tǒng)訪華25周年，尼克松訪華是中美關(guān)系的轉(zhuǎn)折點。
簡析：關(guān)鍵詞mark 紀(jì)念。
42. Many of the problems are of college level and these pupils can figure them out.
很多問題是大學(xué)水平，這些小學(xué)生能夠解答出來。
簡析：關(guān)鍵詞be of college level 大學(xué)水平，figure out解決，解答。
43. Rising through the roof is the Tower of the Sun, inside Which stands a 160- –foot –tall Tree of Life.
穿過屋頂矗立著太陽之塔，在里面有一棵160英尺高的生命之樹。
簡析：含有兩個倒裝句。
44. The present question is that many people consider impossible what is really possible if effort is made.
目前的問題是，很多人把其實只要付諸努力就能做到的事情看成是做不到的。
簡析：consider后的賓語后置。
45. Ill and suffering as she was after the inhuman punishment, she yet remained so cheerful and confident, eager to devote the little strength left to her to helping the other comrades.
她受過重罰，而且有病，可她卻這樣愉快，這樣充滿了信心，這樣用盡她所剩的力量來幫助其他同志。
簡析：含有讓步狀語從句及形容詞短語作狀語。
46. Freed from TV, forced to find their own activities, they might take a ride together to watch the sunset.
如果他們從電視中的束縛中解脫出來，不得不自己安排活動，他們可能會全家驅(qū)車去看日落。
簡析：含有兩個過去分詞短語。
47. I went around to the front of the house, sat down on the steps, and, the crying over, I ached, And my father must have hurt, too, a little.
我繞到房子的前面，坐在臺階上，哭了一陣之后，我感到陣陣心痛，我的父親心里肯定也有一點不好受。
簡析：動作描寫，情真意切。
48. It covered the whole distance from broken –hearted misery to bursting happiness—too fast.
先是令人心碎的痛苦，繼而是極度的喜悅，從一個極端到另一個極端—變換得實在太快了。
簡析：比喻形象生動。
49.Still, he could not help thinking that if anything should happen, the nearest person he contact by radio, unless there was a ship nearby, would be on an island 885 miles away.
他禁不住尋思起來，要是果真有什么意外，除非附近有條船，他用無線電能聯(lián)系上的最近的人遠(yuǎn)在885英里以外的島上。
簡析：含虛擬語氣。
50. After all, eighty was a special birthday, another decade lived or endured, just as you choose to look at it.
八十大壽，畢竟非同一般，不管怎么說你又活了十年，或者說熬了十年，是活還是熬，全在于你怎么看了。
簡析：關(guān)鍵詞endure (stand; bear; put up with)忍受。
51. News reports say peace talks between the two countries have broken down with no agreement reached.
新聞報道說這兩個國家的和平談判失敗,沒有達(dá)成協(xié)議。
簡析：關(guān)鍵詞break down失敗，reach an agreement達(dá)成協(xié)議。
52. The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once have they quarreled with each other.
這對老年夫婦結(jié)婚40年了，兩人從來沒有一次爭吵。
簡析：含主謂倒裝句。
53. After all, Ed’s idea of exercise has always been nothing more effort-making than lifting a fork to his mouth.
要記住的是，伊德搞鍛煉的想法根本沒有進餐使用刀叉那么費力。
簡析：含比較級句型。
54.As a result , at the point in our game when I’d have figured on (predicted) the score to be about 9 to 1 in my favor , it was instead 7 to 9 — and Ed was leading.
就在我們比賽之前，我曾預(yù)料這場比賽對我有利，比分大概是9比1，結(jié)果比分反而是7比9，伊德暫時領(lǐng)先。
簡析：關(guān)鍵詞figure on預(yù)計，估計;in one’s favor對某人有利。
55.So when Ed arrived for our game not only with the bottom of his shirt gathered inside his trousers but also with a stomach you could hardly notice , I was so surprised that I was speechless , my cousin must have made an effort to get himself into shape .
因此當(dāng)伊德來參加我們的比賽時,我發(fā)現(xiàn)他不僅將襯衫的底部扎進褲里,而且?guī)缀踝⒁獠坏剿亩亲?我感到很驚奇,以致無話可說,我的表弟過去一定努力把自己訓(xùn)練好,保持很好的競技狀態(tài)。
簡析：含有not only…but also…及so…that…的句型結(jié)構(gòu)，must have P.P表示對過去事實的推測。
56.In a way , I think we both won : I the game , but cousin Ed my respect.
在一定程度上，我認(rèn)為我們都贏了，我贏得了這次比賽，伊德表弟贏得了我的尊重。
簡析：承前省略謂語動詞won。
57. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows what to do with it.
據(jù)說在澳大利亞土地太多以致政府不知道怎么去處理。
簡析：含比較級句型。
58. The research is so designed that once begun nothing can be done to change it.
這項研究設(shè)計得如此好以致一旦開始任何事都不可能改變它。
簡析：夾雜過去分詞短語once begun。
59. The mother didn’t know who to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.
媽媽不知道誰應(yīng)該受責(zé)備，因為打破玻璃這件事是她不在家里的時候發(fā)生的。
簡析：關(guān)鍵詞be to blame受責(zé)備。
60.When I was in the army I received an intelligence test that all soldiers took, and , against an average of 100 , scored 160.
當(dāng)我在軍隊服役時，我曾接受過所有戰(zhàn)士都參加的智力測試,與平均分100分相比，我得了160分。
簡析：關(guān)鍵詞against 與…相比較。
61.We didn’t plan our art exhibition like that but it worked out very well
我們原不是那樣計劃藝術(shù)展覽的，但出來的結(jié)果卻很好。
簡析：關(guān)鍵詞work out 結(jié)果是……
62. The home improvements have taken what little there is of my spare time .
房子裝修花費我的閑暇時間不多。
簡析：句型結(jié)構(gòu)little of的用法，例We see very little of our children (we do not see them often) now that they are grown up.孩子們已經(jīng)長大了，所以我們現(xiàn)在很少見到他們。
63. Having suffered such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.
這條河流已經(jīng)遭受很重的污染，現(xiàn)在要清理為時太晚。
簡析：含too…to…句型及現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式。
64. Most believe the footprints are nothing more than ordinary animal tracks , which had been made larger as they melted and refroze in the snow.
大多數(shù)人相信這些腳印只是普通動物的足跡，這些足跡由于在雪里融化再結(jié)冰而變大了。
簡析：關(guān)鍵詞nothing more than only。
65. But if they ever succeed in catching one, they may face a real problem: would they put it in a zoo or give it a room in a hotel?
但若他們真的抓住一個“雪人”的話，那么他們可能面臨一個現(xiàn)實問題：他們會把它放進動物園，還是在一個旅館里給它一個房間呢?
簡析：含選擇疑問句型。
66. With production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.
產(chǎn)量增長了60%，公司又經(jīng)歷了一個極好的年頭。
簡析：含with構(gòu)成的介詞短語。
67. The WTO cannot live up to its name if it dose not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind.
世貿(mào)組織如果沒有一個占世界五分之一人口的大國加入的話，那么它就不能名副其實。
簡析：關(guān)鍵詞live up to one’s name 名副其實。
68. It is the ability to do the job that matters not where you come from or what you are.
重要的是你做這件工作的能力，而不是你來自什么地方，或是你是什么身份。
簡析：強調(diào)句型It is +強調(diào)部分+that / who+從句。
69. How could I ever get him to finish unloading the car without screaming at me and making a scene in front of the other girls, who I would have to spend the rest of the year with?
我怎么才能讓父親卸完車上的行李而不向我大喊大叫，在其他女孩子面前出洋相呢?我還要和這些女孩一起度過以后的日子。
簡析：關(guān)鍵詞make a scene 大吵大鬧，出洋相。
70.Dad’s face turned decidedly less red before he could bring out a “yes”.
父親在說出一聲“是”之前,臉終于沒有先前那么紅了。
簡析：迂回表達(dá)，心情如釋重負(fù)。
71. Soon I heard a sound like that of a door burst in , and then a climb of feet.
很快我聽到好象是門被撞進的聲音，接著是一陣上樓的腳步聲。
簡析：that替代前而的sound。
72. Father took the still smoking pistol from my hand, and fired another shot, which killed the gorilla.
爸爸從我手里拿起那只仍冒煙的槍，又開了一槍，這才殺死了那只大猩猩。
簡析：關(guān)鍵詞fire another shot 又開了一槍。
73.It happened that father had sent us upstairs because he thought he would be able to lock the door—which was twenty feet away—before the animal reached it.
事情發(fā)生是這樣的,爸爸先把我們送上樓，因為他原以為他能夠在那個動物趕到之前(距離20英尺遠(yuǎn))將門鎖上。
簡析：句型結(jié)構(gòu)It happened that…事情發(fā)生是這樣的…
74. He certainly looked the part all right, he thought, as he admired himself in the mirror.
當(dāng)他在鏡子前自我欣賞時，他想他當(dāng)然看上去很適合那個角色。
簡析：關(guān)鍵詞all right確實，無疑。
75. He put his head in his hands and tried to remember his lines, but nothing came to his mind.
他抱著頭，盡力的想臺詞，但什么也想不起來。
簡析：迂回表達(dá)nothing came to his mind=He remembered nothing.
76. In fact the more he watched the play, the more he felt himself part of it.
實際上，他越是觀看這臺戲劇，他越是認(rèn)為自己已進入角色。
簡析：句型結(jié)構(gòu)the more…the more…越…越…
77. Instead she took a short walk in a park nearby and came home, letting herself in through the back door.
反而，她在附近公園散步一會兒就回到家，她經(jīng)過后門讓自己進去的。
簡析：分詞短語letting herself in 作狀語。
78. She settled down to wait and see what would happen.
她靜下心來等，看會發(fā)生什么事。
簡析：關(guān)鍵詞settle down to do sth 靜下心來做…
79. Picking up the kettle of boiling water, she moved quietly towards the door.
她拿起那個裝著開水的壺，悄悄地向門移動。
簡析：現(xiàn)在分詞短語作伴隨狀語。
80. A sharp cry was heard outside as the wire fell to the floor and the hand was pulled back, which was followed by the sound of running feet.
當(dāng)那根鐵絲掉在地上，哪只手縮回時，外面?zhèn)鱽砑饨新暎又翘优艿穆曇簟?/p>
簡析：三處被動語態(tài)間接描述小偷遭到的懲罰。
81. It wasn’t long before the police caught the thief.
很快警察抓住了那個小偷。
簡析：句型結(jié)構(gòu)It wasn’t long before+從句，很快就…
82. Then, I noticed a tall man by the door, carrying something covered with brown paper.
接著，我注意到門旁一個高個子男人，拿著用棕色紙遮蓋著的某種東西。
簡析：含兩個分詞短語。
83. Turning to my next customer, I was terrified to see a gun stuck out of his coat.
轉(zhuǎn)向下一個顧客，看見一桿槍從他的外套伸出來，我非�？謶�。
簡析：過去分詞短語作to see的賓補。
84.“Smith!” the manager cried out in a voice like thunder “None of your excuses! Go start work at once! ”
“史密斯!”經(jīng)理用象雷一樣的聲音大喊，“你不要找借口!給我立即開始工作。”
簡析：口語化的語言。
85. Waiting above the crowded streets, on top of a building 110 stories high, was Philippe Pettit.
菲力浦帕底特在110層高的建筑物上，人群擁擠的大街上空等候。
簡析：含倒裝句型及分詞用法。
86. Philippe took his first step with great care. The wire held Now he was sure he could do it.
菲力浦非常小心地邁開第一步，鋼絲繩承受住了，現(xiàn)在他確信他可以走鋼絲了。
簡析：關(guān)鍵詞hold (vi) 承受。
87.And thousands of terrified(badly frightened)watchers stared with their hearts beating fast.
成千上萬感到很害怕的觀眾盯著看，他們的心跳很快。
簡析：含with構(gòu)成的介詞短語。
88. Already she does many things a human being can do.
她已經(jīng)會做一個人能做的許多事情。
簡析：含定語從句。
89. She even enjoys watching television before going to bed.
她甚至喜歡在上床睡覺前看電視。
簡析：含分詞及動名詞。
90. The measure of a man’s real character is what he would do if he knew he would never be found out.
衡量一個人真正品質(zhì)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是看如果他知道他不會被別人發(fā)現(xiàn)的情況下他會做些什么事。
簡析：表語從句中還含有虛擬語氣。
91.Thirty years after being introduced to McCauley’s words, they still seem to me the best yardstick(準(zhǔn)繩), because they give us a way to measure ourselves rather than others.
在我知道瑪考雷名言三十年后，它對我來說仍是最好的人生準(zhǔn)則，因為這句名言給我們提供了一種衡量我們自己而不是他人的方法。
簡析：關(guān)鍵詞introduce引見，例：Let me introduce you to the pleasures of wine-tasting讓我給你說說品酒的樂趣。
92. Few of us are asked to make great decisions about nations going to war or armies going to battle, but all of us are called upon daily to make a great many personal decisions.
我們當(dāng)中很少有人被要求作出關(guān)于國家進行戰(zhàn)爭，軍隊進行戰(zhàn)斗的重大決定，但我們每天都要求作出很多個人的決定。
簡析：含動名詞的所有格形式。
93. Here’s a fellow who just walks into a bank and helps himself to so much money.
有一個家伙，就這樣走進一家銀行，擅自拿走這么多錢。
簡析：help oneself to擅自拿走。
94. Todd thought of the difficulty with which he managed to get the amount of money he needed to start his gas station.
托德想起自己的難處，他曾設(shè)法搞一大筆錢，他需要這筆錢來開辦他的加油站。
簡析：夾雜兩個定語從句。
95. Don’t pick up strangers and all your folks in gas stations better not do service to a white Ford car.
不要搭載陌生人，加油站所有的工作人員最好不要為一輛白色福特牌小汽車服務(wù)。
簡析：關(guān)鍵詞folks，加油站的工作人員。
96. “Fill her up”, the man said sounding like any other driver.
“給車加油”那個男人說，聽起來(這個劫匪)就好像是其他任何一名司機。
簡析：關(guān)鍵詞sound like 聽起來像…
97. It seemed that there was no suitable work for him.
看來對他來說沒有合適的工作。
簡析：關(guān)鍵詞suitable適合的。
98. But when John and his fellow soldier came in sight some of the people watching couldn’t help laughing at the one who couldn’t keep pace with the others as they march along.
但當(dāng)約翰和他的戰(zhàn)友們出現(xiàn)時，一些觀看的人們禁不住嘲笑那個在行進中不能同步的那個人(約翰)。
簡析：句子結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜，關(guān)鍵詞keep pace with 與…步伐一致。
99. They not only make it difficult to sleep at night, but they are doing damage to our houses and shops of historical interest.
他們不僅使人們在晚上睡覺困難，而且他們損害我們歷史名勝的房子和商店。
簡析：句型結(jié)構(gòu)not only…but (also) …不僅…而且…
100. Hary also studying biology said they wanted to make as much noise as possible to force the government officials to realize what everybody was having to stand.
也攻讀生物學(xué)的哈利說他們要制造盡可能大的噪音來迫使政府官員們認(rèn)識到大家正不得不忍受的東西。
簡析：句型結(jié)構(gòu)as...as possible盡可能地……
歷屆高考英語長難句處理技巧
一個句子之所以難以理解，有許多原因，其中一個主要原因是句子太長或者句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜。句子過長或者復(fù)雜無非是該句除了主干之外還包含了一些附加部分，如插入語、同位語、分隔現(xiàn)象、各種從句或較長的非謂語動詞短語等等。這些附屬成分常有逗號或分隔符號與句子隔開，且插在一個句子中間，使本來完整的句子被斷開，因而增加句意理解的難度。分析長難度的基本是：首先，判斷該句是簡單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句；然后，找出句子的核心成分，分清主語和謂語，再分清句子附屬成分。下面我們來談?wù)剮追N長難句的處理技巧。
一、處理長難句的原則方法
如果待處理的長難句為一個復(fù)雜的單句，可這樣處理：跳讀修飾成分，迅速找出主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。這樣一來，我們便可以將長句化為短句，將難句化為易句。具體步驟是：先跳讀修飾成分或附加成分，找出句子的主干并理解其意義；然后再分段理解修飾成分或附加成分。
如果待處理的長難句為一個復(fù)雜的并列句，可這樣處理：先找出其中的并列連詞，然后再根據(jù)并列連詞的意思理清句子前后是順連關(guān)系還是反連關(guān)系，是因果關(guān)系還是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系等，最后再根據(jù)不同的語境關(guān)系正確理解句意。
如果待處理的長難句為一個復(fù)雜的主從復(fù)合句，可這樣處理：先分清主句與從句，然后弄清從句的性質(zhì)，即弄清它是什么從句——名詞性從句，還是狀語從句，或是定語從句。注意，弄清從句性質(zhì)對于理解復(fù)合句的意思至關(guān)重要。
另外，有一點要提醒同學(xué)們，在處理長難句時，如果既能正確理解句意，又能將其準(zhǔn)確地譯成中文，那是最好了。但是，對于有些長難句，要在較短時間內(nèi)（如在參加時）將其譯成中文比較困難，此時只要能正確理解其意思就行了，如果硬要勉為其難地譯成中文，不僅會浪費時間，而且在許多情況也沒有必要。
二、經(jīng)典真題實例分析
下面這篇文章共有194個單詞，卻只有9個句子，平均每個句子大約有22個單詞，是近幾年高考英語閱讀理解中一篇比較典型的集中含有長難句的文章。文章內(nèi)容如下：
Tristan da Cunha, a 38-square-mile island, is the farthest inhabited island in the world, according to the Guinness Book of Records. It is 1,510 miles southwest of its nearest neighbor St. Helena, and 1,950 miles west of Africa. Discovered by the Portuguese admiral(葡萄牙海軍上將) of the same name in 1506, and settled in 1810, the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred.
Coming in a close second——and often wrongly mentioned as the most distant island——is Easter Island, which lies 1,260 miles east of its nearest neighbour, Pitcairn Island, and 2,300 miles west of South America.
The mountainous 64-square-mile island was settled around the 5th century, supposedly by people who were lost at sea. They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years, giving them plenty of time to build more than 1,000 huge stone figures, called moai, for which the island is most famous.
On Easter Sunday, 1722, however, settlers from Holland moved in and gave the island its name. Today, 2,000 people live on the Chilean territory(智利領(lǐng)土). They share one street, a small airport and a few hours of television per day.
【解題分析】
1. 跳讀插入語：請看文章第一段的第一句。第一步跳過插入語找出句子主干：Tristan da Cunha is the farthest inhabited island in the world (Tristan da Cunha 是世界上無人居住的最偏僻的島嶼）；第二步理解附加的插入語部分：a 38-square-mile island（該島面積為38平方英里，而且這是吉尼斯記錄之一），這樣該句話的意思就弄明白了。
2. 跳讀非謂語動詞短語：我們來看第一段第三句。首先跳過前面的非謂語動詞短語，找出主干：the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred (該島是英國領(lǐng)土，人口大約幾千)。然后再來理解前面的非謂語動詞短語：Discovered by the Portuguese admiral of the same name in 1506, and settled in 1810（這個島嶼是在1506年被一個名叫Tristan da Cunha的葡萄牙海軍上將發(fā)現(xiàn)的，1810年開始有人居�。�。通過這樣分解難度，我們讀得輕松，理解得準(zhǔn)確。
3. 跳讀分隔現(xiàn)象：請看文章第二段，這一段有35個單詞，卻只有一句話。因為該段既包括了分隔現(xiàn)象，又包含了定語從句，又有一個同位語，而且該句還是一個倒裝句。如果從前到后按照順序來理解，未免有點繁雜，抓不住重點。所以首先要跳過兩個分隔符號之間的內(nèi)容，同時也要暫時擱置后面的非限制性定語從句，找出主干并把主干重新倒置過來變成正常語序：Easter Island is coming in a close second（Easter Island是緊跟第二的最偏僻的島嶼）；然后再理解分隔符號之間的內(nèi)容和后面的定語從句等附加成分：Easter Island 常常被誤認(rèn)為是最偏僻的島嶼，它在最臨近的島嶼(Pitcairn Island)東面1,260英里，在南美西面2,300英里。
4. 跳讀定語從句：定語從句在閱讀理解中是很常見的，有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語從句用來限定所修飾的詞，與之關(guān)系非常密切，閱讀時要特別注意兩者的密切聯(lián)系，跳過限制性定語從句找到主句后要馬上回頭理解它的含義，確定它與先行詞的修飾關(guān)系。如文章第三段的第一個句子里就有一個限制性定語從句：who were lost at sea. 閱讀時一定要注意它與people的密切聯(lián)系：不是別人而是在大海里迷路的人五世紀(jì)左右在那里定居。
而非限制性定語從句與所修飾的詞關(guān)系不是很密切，主要起補充說明作用，它可能出現(xiàn)在主句中間，也可能出現(xiàn)在句尾。如果它出現(xiàn)在句中，閱讀時可以跳過去然后再來理解，也可以一起順便讀過去。如果非限制性定語從句出現(xiàn)在句尾，那閱讀時很方便，看完主句后附帶著看一下就可以了，因為它只是對先行詞的補充說明。如這一段的最后一句：for which the island is most famous. 看完主句我們得知該島與外界隔絕了一千多年，使得島上的人們有充足的時間來修建一千多具巨大的石雕。然后再附帶得知該島以這些石雕而聞名。
三、針對性訓(xùn)練題
以下段落均選自近幾年的高考英語閱讀理解文章，均有一定難度，請你用以上方法試一試：
1. Decision thinking is not unlike poker — it often matters not only what you think, but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think. （NMET2000. C 篇）
2. Dad, in a hurry to get home before dark so he could go for a run, had forgotten to wear his safety belt—a mistake 75% of the US population make every day.（NMET1999. D篇）
3. First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab poly technique.（NMET2003.C篇）
4. It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers, although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when e-mail is introduced, the printers start working overtime. That is, the growing demand for paper in recent years is largely due to the increased use of the Internet.（NMET2003.E篇）
5. Whereas a woman’s closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage, it wasn’t unusual to hear a man say he didn’t know his friend’s marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa.（NMET2001. E篇）
【分析示范】
1. 先看破折號前面的Decision thinking is not unlike poker，這個句子雖不長，但有點難度，尤其是其中的not unlike這個雙重否定的結(jié)構(gòu)，其實它的意思就是like，句意為“做決策其實就像(like)打撲克牌”。破折號后面的內(nèi)容包括有一個not only...but also... 結(jié)構(gòu)，且句中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)what...think這樣的詞語，就像是繞口令似的，對于語感不是很好，而且又不會分析句子同學(xué)來說很有點難度，這句話的意思是：起作用的不但是你怎么想的，而且還包括別人對你的想法是怎么看的以及你對別人的看法是如何考慮的。
2. 句子的主干部分為Dad had forgotten...，其中的in a hurry to get...為介詞短語，在此說明had forgotten的原因；破折號后的內(nèi)容a mistake...為解釋其前內(nèi)容的同位語。全句大意為：爸爸急匆匆地在天黑之前趕回家，以便他能出去跑步，但卻忘記系安全帶——這是75%的美國人每天犯的一個錯誤。
3. 這個句子的主干部分是the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds。句首的過去分詞短語first put forward by…用作狀語，表示時間；主句后的including…為介詞短語，用以補充說明the finest mathematical minds；而including…短語中又包括有兩個由who引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾名詞短語a French woman scientist。此句句意為：這個定理最先由17世紀(jì)法國家皮爾法特提出，它曾使一批極其優(yōu)秀的大師為難，其中包括一位法國女科學(xué)家，她在解決這個難題方面取得了重大進展，她曾女扮男裝為了能夠在伊科爾理工學(xué)院。
4. 句子的主干部分為it is difficult to measure...，其中句首的it為形式主語，其后的不定式為真正的主語；句中although引導(dǎo)的為讓步狀語從句，并且這個狀語從句中又包括有一個who引導(dǎo)的定語從句，而正是在這個定語從句中又內(nèi)含一個when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，其中的the printers start working overtime為其前時間狀語從句的主句——你看這個句子有多復(fù)雜；句子最后一部分由that is引出，用以對前面的內(nèi)容起解釋和說明作用。全句大意為：由于因特網(wǎng)的使用，要計算所使用紙張的數(shù)量不是很容易的，盡管幾乎任何在辦公室的人能告訴你，當(dāng)引進電子郵件后，打印機就開始超時。也就是說，近年來人們對于紙張的日益需求主要是由于因特網(wǎng)越來越多的使用。
5. 句子的主干部分為it wasn’t unusual to hear…。句首的whereas為從屬連詞，意為“盡管”，在此引導(dǎo)一個讓步狀語從句。其中主句當(dāng)中有四個語言難點尤其值得注意：一是句首的it為形式主語，句子真正的主語是其后的不定式to hear…；二是not unusual這一雙重否定結(jié)構(gòu)，其實它的意思是就是usual；三是not…until….結(jié)構(gòu)，其中的not不是句中的第一個not而不是第二個 not（即didn’t know中的not）；四是until后的現(xiàn)在分詞短語asking…，它在此用作狀語，表示伴隨情況。句意為：盡管一個女人最親密的女性朋友可能是第一個告訴她離開一次失敗婚姻的人，然而聽見一個男人說，直到他的朋友一天晚上問他是否可以睡在他家的沙發(fā)上，他才知道他朋友的婚姻已非常糟糕，這卻是很平常的。
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