四級考試閱讀理解技巧 -怎樣準(zhǔn)確找出文章的中心思想（一）
四級閱讀測試一般包括4篇文章的閱讀，每篇后有5道選擇題。這些的類型多種多樣，但歸納起來大致可分為二大類，即全域型問題（Global Question）和局域型問題（Local Question ）. Local Question一般涉及三方面內(nèi)容：Subject Matter, Attitude/Tone;Local Question 涉及：Supporting Details,Inference,Vocabulary.以下，我們將針對四級考試的特點(diǎn)、出題范疇、出題方式等，根據(jù)這些問題在考試出題中的大致排列順序，進(jìn)行有步驟、有計(jì)劃的分項(xiàng)應(yīng)試技能訓(xùn)練。
關(guān)于主題思想問題（Subject Matter）
Subject Matter(SM中心思想)是作者在文章中要表達(dá)的的主要內(nèi)容，是貫穿全文的核心。作者在文章中努力通過各種Supporting Details來闡明中心議題。因此，把握主要思想對于全文理解具有重要意義。熟悉四級測試的人都知道，這類問題常被列為5題之首。然而，如何找出主題常使考生倍感棘手。因?yàn)樗麄兛傁Ｍㄟ^某個(gè)詞或某句話就能找到答案，而找主題往往需要通讀全文后才能作出判斷。
針對SM問題，應(yīng)采用快速閱讀法（Skimming）瀏覽全文，理解文章主旨大意，閱讀時(shí)要注意：抓住中心思想的句子在文章中的位置不同，但閱讀時(shí)，文章的開頭、結(jié)尾及段落的段首句和段尾句特別重要，因?yàn)樗麄兺恼碌闹行淖h題（SM）。
根據(jù)內(nèi)容的不同，這類問題可分為主題型、標(biāo)題型和目的型 。主題型一目了然就是找中心（Main Idea）;標(biāo)題型是為文章選擇標(biāo)題（Title）;目的型就是推斷作者的寫作意圖（Purpose）.這類題常見的命題方式有：
�。�1） What is the main idea (subject) of this passage ?
�。�2） What does this passage mainly (primarily)concerned ?
（3） The main theme of this passage is ___________.
�。�4） The main point of the passage is__________.
（5） Which of the following is the best title for the passage ?
�。�6） The title that best expresses the theme of the passage is ___________.
�。�7） On which of the following subject would the passage most likely be found in a textbook ?
（8） The purpose of the writer in writing this passage _________.
�。�9） Which of the following best describes the passage as a whole ?
1. 關(guān)于主題型
Example 1:
Oceanography has been defined as "The application of all sciences to the study of the sea "。Before the nineteenth century ,scientists with an interest in the sea were few and far between .Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings ,but he was reluctant to go to sea to further his work .
For most people the sea was remote , and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers or others , who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it ,let alone to what lay beneath the sur