四級考試倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)例析

    英語句子最基本的結(jié)構(gòu)是主、謂結(jié)構(gòu),倒裝就是將這種比較固定的詞序加以顛倒.英語的倒裝有兩種形式.一種是將句子的主語和謂語完全顛倒過來,稱為完全倒裝,如:Then began an eight-year war between Iran and Iraq. (于是伊朗和伊拉克之間開始了長達(dá)八年的戰(zhàn)爭.);另一種是只將助動詞(包括情態(tài)助動詞)移到主語之前,稱為部分倒裝,如:Seldom can she finish her task in a short time. (她很難在短時間內(nèi)完成任務(wù).)

引起倒裝的情況有很多,在大學(xué)英語四級考試中常見的主要有以下幾種.下面舉例說明.

一、虛擬條件句中的倒裝

例1:________for my illness, I would have lent him a helping hand. (CET-4, 1995/1)

A) Not being                B) Had it not been

C) Without being           D) Not having been

本題答案為B).本句意思是:要是我沒有生病,我肯定會給他幫助的.從主句的謂語可以看出,本題是過去時的虛擬語氣,從句謂語應(yīng)該用過去完成時.由于省略了連詞if ,所以將 had 移到句首構(gòu)成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu).

例2:________before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party. (CET-4, 1997/1)

A) Had they arrived

B) Would they arrive

C) Were they arriving

D) Were they to arrive

本題答案為D).本句是將來時的虛擬語氣,這點從從句的時間狀語the day after tomorrow 可以看出.因此從句的謂語應(yīng)用should或were to+ 動詞原形.由于從句省略了連詞if,就應(yīng)將should或were移到句首,形成倒裝.

二、表示否定意義的詞或詞組位于句首

例1:We have been told that under no circumstances________the telephone in the office for personal affairs. (CET-4, 1999/6)

A) may we use B) we may use

C) we could use D) did we use

本題答案為A).本句中的否定短語under no circumstances位于賓語從句句首,句子需要用倒裝 ,故B)和C)錯誤,D)項時態(tài)不對.本句意思是:我們被告之,在任何情況下都不能因私事而使用辦公室的電話.

例2:Not until the game had begun______at the sports ground. (CET-4, 2000/6)

A) should he have arrived

B) had he arrived

C) did he arrive

D) would he have arrived

本題答案為C).本句將not until置于句首,主句要倒裝.由于從句用的是過去完成時,因此主句應(yīng)用一般過去時.本句意思是:直到比賽開始了,他才到運動場.

三、讓步狀語從句的倒裝

例如:________, he does get annoyed with her sometimes.( CET-4, 2000/6)

A) As he likes her much

B) Although much he likes her

C) Much as he likes her

D) Much although he likes her

本題答案為C).本句

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