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初二英語語法大全：動(dòng)詞不定式的形式
短語動(dòng)詞是英語習(xí)語的一個(gè)重要類別，而動(dòng)詞短語是一種自由詞組。從詞匯學(xué)的角度看，它們分屬于兩個(gè)不同的范疇：詞類和短語。對(duì)于英語的學(xué)習(xí)中，關(guān)于動(dòng)詞不定式的形式知識(shí)點(diǎn)的內(nèi)容，我們做下面的講解學(xué)習(xí)哦。
動(dòng)詞不定式的形式
1．作主語。 如：
To learn English is very important.
但實(shí)際上不定式作主語常用 it來作形式主語，而將不定式移至謂語動(dòng)詞后作真正的主語。
如上句可表達(dá)為：
It's very important to learn English.
2．作表語。 如：
My idea is to ring him up at once.
3．作賓語。 如：
I have decided to go to Binjiang Primary School.
4．作賓語補(bǔ)足語。
a. ask, want, teach, tell, know, would like, allow等動(dòng)詞后面接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。
如： The policemen asked him to get off the bus.
b. hear, see, look at, feel, watch, notice, listen to等動(dòng)詞后接不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。
如： We often see Miss Li clean the classroom.
c. let, make, have這些使役動(dòng)詞后接不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。但在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中這些不帶to的都須帶上to。
如： In those days the bosses often made the workers work day and night.
d.動(dòng)詞help接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，可帶to也可不帶to。
如： Can you help me (to) carry the heavy bag?
5．作定語。
a.與被修飾詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如：I have something important to tell you.但如果不定式動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞，后面的介詞千萬不要省略。
如： Maybe they have three rooms to live in.
b.與被修飾詞有主謂關(guān)系。
如： Mr Liang is always the first to come and the last to leave.
c.與被修飾之間只有修飾關(guān)系。
如： I have no time to play cards.
6．作狀語，表示目的、原因、方法、方向、結(jié)果等。
如： I'll go to meet my friend at the railway station.
7．不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)"for sb. to do sth" 作主語時(shí)，常用"It is +adj+ for
of sb. to do sth"的句式。形容詞good, bad, polite, unkind, kind, ice, clever,
right, wrong, careful等用"It is +adj +of sb. to do sth."
其他形容詞用 for。
如：
It's dangerous for you to ride so fast.
It's very kind of you to help me.
8．動(dòng)詞不定式與疑問句who, what, which, when, how, where, whether等連用。
如： I don't know when to start.
He didn't tell me where to go.
但上面結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)從句，故上述句子也可表達(dá)為：
I don't know when we'll start.
He didn't tell me where he would go.
注意：
a.有些動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語不能帶不定式，只能接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式。
如： enjoy, finish, keep, mind, miss(錯(cuò)過),be busy, go on, keep on, be worth, practise等。
如： The peasants are busy picking apples.
Would you mind my opening the door?
b.有些動(dòng)詞后可接不定式，也可接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式，但意思不同。
如： Lu Jian forgot to post the letter.(該寄但還沒做)
Lu Jian forgot posting the letter.(已經(jīng)寄過信了)
They stopped to sing a song.(停止在做的工作而去做另一件工作)
They stopped singing.(停止正在做的工作)
希望上面對(duì)動(dòng)詞不定式的形式知識(shí)的內(nèi)容講解學(xué)習(xí)，同學(xué)們都能很好的掌握，相信同學(xué)們會(huì)取得很好的成績的哦。
拓展：常見動(dòng)詞短語
1.up
lift up舉起climb up爬上come up上升
get up起床stand up站起來pick up檢起
grow up長大put up舉起；張貼rise up升起
look up抬起頭take up拿起build up樹立
set up建立eat up吃光burn up燒光
use up用光fill up裝滿end up結(jié)束
break up結(jié)束，分解cut up切碎tear up撕碎
give up放棄speed up加速show up顯現(xiàn)
cheer up振作起來bring up撫育make up化裝,彌補(bǔ)
shut up關(guān)閉block up堵塞keep up堅(jiān)持
2.down
cut down砍倒get down下來knock down撞倒l
ay down放下let down使失望pull down拆
kneel down跪下break down壞了settle down平靜下來
cool down冷靜下來turn down拒絕put down鎮(zhèn)壓
slow down慢下來write down寫下
3.on
come on跟隨count on依賴fit on固定
turn on打開switch on打開put on穿上
try on試穿rely on依靠depend on依靠
work on從事call on拜訪carry on繼續(xù)開展
hold on繼續(xù)insist on堅(jiān)持add on加上
4.off
blow off吹掉drive off趕走；擊退get off下車
see off送行start off動(dòng)身take off起飛
cut off切斷rub off擦掉shave off剃去
turn off關(guān)掉switch off關(guān)掉break off中斷
pay off付清
5.in
break in闖入，插嘴involve in卷入book in登記
check in簽到fill in填入hand in交上
6.out
take out拿出come out長出look out當(dāng)心
move out搬出point out指出stick out伸出
let out放出burn out燒盡put out撲滅
run out用完use out耗盡die out滅絕
carry out完成，執(zhí)行g(shù)o out熄滅set out出發(fā)
hand out分發(fā)break out爆發(fā)drop out離開,退出
find out找出figure out算出，解決
7.over
knock over撞倒turn over翻轉(zhuǎn)look over調(diào)查
think over考慮go over復(fù)習(xí)take over掌管
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